Nitrogen containing carbon spheres as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction: Microelectrochemical investigation and visualization

Tiwari, Aarti; Singh, Vikram; Mandal, Debaprasad; Nagaiah, Tharamani C.

doi:10.1039/c7ta05503j

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…measured current density; j l -diffusion-limiting current density; j k -kinetic-limiting current; ω-electrode rotation rate (rpm); F-Faradaic constant (96,485 C/mol); C O2 -O 2 concentration in 1M NaOH solution (0.843 × 10 −6 mol/cm 3 ); D O2 -O 2 diffusion in 1M NaOH solution (1.43 × 10 −5 cm 2 /s); n-number of electrons transferred in the ORR process; ν-kinematic viscosity of the electrolyte (1.13 × 10 −2 cm 2 /s)[30][31][32].…”

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confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Preparation and Design for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2021

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Four N-doped graphene materials with a nitrogen content ranging from 8.34 to 13.1 wt.% are prepared by the ball milling method. This method represents an eco-friendly mechanochemical process that can be easily adapted for industrial-scale productivity and allows both the exfoliation of graphite and the synthesis of large quantities of functionalized graphene. These materials are characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry measurements, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy, and then, are tested towards the oxygen reduction reaction by cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode methods. Their responses towards ORR are analysed in correlation with their properties and use for the best ORR catalyst identification. However, even though the mechanochemical procedure and the characterization techniques are clean and green methods (i.e., water is the only solvent used for these syntheses and investigations), they are time consuming and, generally, a low number of materials can be prepared, characterized and tested. In order to eliminate some of these limitations, the use of regression learner and reverse engineering methods are proposed for facilitating the optimization of the synthesis conditions and the materials’ design. Thus, the machine learning algorithms are applied to data containing the synthesis parameters, the results obtained from different characterization techniques and the materials response towards ORR to quickly provide predictions that allow the best synthesis conditions or the best electrocatalysts’ identification.

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confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Preparation and Design for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2021

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“…When nitrogen is incorporated into graphitic carbon materials, the strong electronegativity of nitrogen atoms enriches the surrounding electrons, and makes adjacent carbon atoms positively charged, which is beneficial to the adsorption of oxygen molecules, thereby promoting the process of oxygen reduction reaction, and improving the catalytic activities of the carbon materials. [42] In addition, the catalytic activity of the Fe-free catalyst is greatly reduced compared with the Fe-containing catalysts, verifying the importance of Fe in the catalyst's ORR activity. Moreover, the spent graphite was found to contain tiny amounts of transition metals and defects in the sample preparation, which is conducive to in situ doping with N and transition metal atoms.…”

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confidence: 94%

Recycling of Graphite Anode from Spent Lithium‐ion Batteries for Preparing Fe‐N‐doped Carbon ORR Catalyst

Ruan

Zou²,

et al. 2021

ChemCatChem

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In this work, we recycled anode graphite of spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) to prepare an ORR electrocatalyst applied in fuel cells. The discarded graphite was used as a carbon carrier and doped with N and Fe via simple pyrolysis with polyaniline and iron salt. Importantly, in comparison with the commercial Pt/C catalyst, the obtained catalyst exhibits better catalytic activity, methanol resistance and durability. Currently, fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries are served as two major energy sources in vehicles. This work provides a novel guideline for recycling the graphite anode of LiBs and paves a way forward for the application of a superior and low-cost electrocatalyst in fuels.[a

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“…The low amount of intermediate produced (20% in neutral and 10% in alkaline solution) suggested that the electron transfer occurred mostly through a four-electron transfer at both pHs. 137 Some groups have studied electrocatalysts that are metalfree, such as Tiwari et al 138 who have evaluated the performance of nitrogen-bearing carbon spheres (NCSs) synthesized at 600, 800 and 900 C (NCS-600, NCS-800 and NCS-900). The application of metal free carbon-based nanomaterials in electrocatalysis has emerged recently, thanks to their good conductivity, high surface area and stability.…”

Section: Oxygen Reduction Reaction (Orr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local probe investigation of electrocatalytic activity

et al. 2021

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Nitrogen containing carbon spheres as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction: Microelectrochemical investigation and visualization

Abstract: A fast-scanning ultramicroelectrode probe is employed to trace the mechanistic pathway followed by the designed nitrogen containing carbon spheres in highly alkaline medium.

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Eco-Friendly Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Preparation and Design for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Eco-Friendly Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Preparation and Design for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Recycling of Graphite Anode from Spent Lithium‐ion Batteries for Preparing Fe‐N‐doped Carbon ORR Catalyst

Local probe investigation of electrocatalytic activity

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