Nitrogen compound distribution in middle distillate fuels derived from petroleum, oil shale, and tar sand sources

Observations of VOC emissions and photochemical products over US oil- and gas-producing regions using high-resolution H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> CIMS (PTR-ToF-MS)

“…American shale oils can contain upwards of 2 % nitrogen by weight, and a number of aromatic organic nitrogen species have been quantified in crude oil (Morandi and Jensen, 1966;Holmes and Thompson, 1983;Mushrush et al, 1999;Williams and Chishti, 2001). Porphyrins, nitrogen-containing geochemical fossils derived from chlorophyll, are known to exist in crude oil and contain both pyrrole and pyrroline as subunits (Fig.…”

Kinetic Modeling of Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrotreatment using a Molecular Reconstruction Approach

“…Separation of basic and non-basic nitrogen-containing compounds is difficult to carry out because of the low contents of nitrogen in Vacuum Gas Oils (< 4000 wt ppm) and the predominant presence of a complex hydrocarbon matrix. Solid phase extraction methods based on the use of silica [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], alumina [11,12] or ionexchange resin [13,15] as well as liquid/liquid extractions [6,7,11,[15][16][17][18] were described in literature to separate and highly concentrate the basic and non-basic nitrogen species present in petroleum cuts. Nevertheless, these methods are time-consuming, involve a large number of intermediate steps and present in most cases issues with lack of selectivity and/or nitrogen recovery.…”

Metabolic Engineering to Develop a Pathway for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds

“…Carbazole is a good model compound that is representative of the nitrogen-containing compounds present in the greatest abundance in many petroleum samples [5,13,19]. For developing a biological process for the removal of nitrogen from petroleum no known carbazoledegrading culture is particularly appropriate because nitrogen is only removed in the course of overall degradation [2, 11, 16-18, 20, 23, 25, 29, 30].…”