Nitrogen balance and ileal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration1,2

Otto, E.; Yokoyama, M. T.; Ku, P. K.; Ames, N. Kent; Trottier, N. L.

doi:10.2527/2003.8171743x

Cited by 75 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These results were not affected by the different AA balance, CP or gross energy (GE) dietary concentration. The values are very close to other research with 15% (Otto et al 2003) CP diets. However, the AID and SID of methionine was lower in the control diet, but it was higher than the reports of Otto et al (2003).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The values are very close to other research with 15% (Otto et al 2003) CP diets. However, the AID and SID of methionine was lower in the control diet, but it was higher than the reports of Otto et al (2003). The AID and SID of cystine was higher in the P3086 hybrid, and the lowest values were found in H515 and P30F94 hybrids.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The standardised ileal digestibility and the endogenous losses of AA were determined using the following equation (Otto et al 2003):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apparent and standardised ileal digestibilities and growth performance of finishing pigs fed diets formulated with new corn hybrids

Reyna

Figueroa

Martínez

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of four new corn hybrids (H515, P7573, P30F94 and P3086). In Experiment 1, five crossbred (Yorkshire )Duroc) finishing barrows (52 kg initial body weight [BW]), were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum, to determine the apparent (AID) and standardised (SID) ileal digestibilities of amino acids (AA) and other nutrients. Pigs were individually penned in metabolism crates and had free access to water; feed was offered at 2.5 times the metabolisable energy (ME) requirement for maintenance. A 5)5 latin square design was used, with five periods of seven days each; the collection of samples was at days sixth and seventh, every two h. In Experiment 2, 15 finishing (6392.4 kg initial BW) barrows were randomly allotted into three diets to determine growth performance and backfat thickness. The experiment lasted 49 days. In Experiment 1, the AID and SID of all AA were similar between diets (hybrids). Only the P3086 corn diet had the highest AID and SID for cystine, ash and crude protein (CP). In Experiment 2, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed efficiency of pigs were not affected by the formulation system. The backfat thickness was higher in pigs fed T3. These results show that the new corn hybrids had similar nutritive value for finishing pigs as in regular corn.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Apparent and standardised ileal digestibilities and growth performance of finishing pigs fed diets formulated with new corn hybrids

Reyna

Figueroa

Martínez

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…Esses resultados são semelhantes aos obtidos por Figueroa et al (2002) Li et al (1994), ao contrário, observaram menor digestibilidade do nitrogênio em razão do aumento na proporção de nitrogênio metabólico nas fezes, que ocorre com o decréscimo de proteína da ração. A proporção de nitrogênio metabólico não específico foi estimado em 48% e 22%, para rações com 9,85 e 14,64% de proteína, respectivamente (OTTO et al, 2003). Dessa forma, o decréscimo da digestibilidade aparente do nitrogênio parece estar mais relacionado com limitações da técnica de balanço, do que com os tratamentos experimentais.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Teor de proteína no metabolismo do nitrogênio e da energia em suínos durante o crescimento

Oliveira

Fialho

Lima³

et al. 2005

Ciênc. agrotec.

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RESUMOO experimento foi realizado no DZO/UFLA com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do teor de proteína bruta no metabolismo do nitrogênio e energia em suínos durante o crescimento. Foram utilizados 12 suínos machos castrados, alojados individualmente em gaiolas de estudo de metabolismo e os tratamentos utilizados consistiram de rações isoenergéticas e isolisínicas, formuladas segundo o conceito de proteína ideal, para atender os teores de proteína bruta 16, 14, 12 e 10% . A quantidade de ração fornecida foi 3,5 vezes a energia de manutenção, calculada como 106 kcal de EM/kgPV 0,75 e ajustada diariamente de acordo com o ganho de peso esperado. O experimento foi realizado em dois períodos consecutivos de 12 dias . Os sete primeiros dias foram utilizados para adaptação dos animais e os cinco dias restantes para coleta total de fezes e urina. O delineamento experimental foi o changeover balanceado em dois períodos. Com a redução do teor de proteína bruta, o nitrogênio excretado diminui linearmente (P<0,01). Verificou-se que a cada ponto percentual de redução no teor de proteína da ração, 10,8% menos nitrogênio é eliminado na urina. Houve redução linear (P<0,01) na retenção de nitrogênio com o decréscimo de proteína da ração. A eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio consumido aumentou proporcionalmente com a redução do conteúdo de proteína. Os coeficientes de metabolização das rações foram semelhantes (P>0,05), mas a relação entre energia metabolizável e digestível foi inversamente proporcional à concentração de proteína das rações experimentais. Conclui-se que a redução do teor de proteína diminui a retenção de nitrogênio, mas reduz a excreção e aumenta a eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio ingerido. Termos para indexação: Nutrição e dejetos, balanço de nitrogênio, suinocultura. ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted in the department of Animal Science at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (Federal University of Lavras) for evaluate the effects of protein levels in the nitrogen and energy balance. Twenty crossbred barrows were housed individually metabolism cages and distributed in four treatments. Treatments were isoenergetics and isolisinics diets formulated according ideal ratio of amino acids, but with different crude protein levels (16, 14, 12 and 10%). The pigs were fed three times energy required for maintenance, which was assumed to be 106 kcal of ME/kg of metabolic body weight 0.75 . The rations were adjusted each day on the basis of an estimated weight gain. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive periods of 12 days each. Seven first days were used for adaptation of animals and the five last days was used total of feces and urine collection. Ferric oxide was used as a marker. The experimental design was balanced changeover in two periods. The decrease of crude protein levels resulted in linearly reduction (P<0.001) of total nitrogen excretion. For each percent reduction in dietary CP, urine nitrogen excretion was reduced about 10.8%. Nitrogen retention was decreased linearly (P>0.01) for those pigs...

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“…Applying the N-balance technique, N retention (expressed as % of absorbed) has sometimes been used (e.g. Otto et al, 2003). When N retention was expressed as % of absorbed, a lower RBV of 56%, on product-to-product basis, for MHA-Ca relative to DL-Met was estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of methionine hydroxy analog-calcium salt relative to dl-methionine to support nitrogen retention and growth in starter pigs

Opapeju

Htoo

Dapoza³

et al. 2012

Animal

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This study assessed the efficacy of a calcium salt of methionine hydroxy analog (MHA-Ca, 84%) relative to DL-methionine 99%) in starter pigs. In Experiment 1 (Exp. 1, N balance trial), 42 individually housed barrows (Genesus, average initial BW 19 kg) were used in two blocks of 21 pigs each with six replicates per treatment. Within each block, pigs were randomly allotted to seven diets: a methionine (Met)-deficient basal diet or the basal diet with three added levels of DL-Met (0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06%) or MHA-Ca (0.024%, 0.048% and 0.071%) on an equimolar basis. After a 7-day adaptation period, feces and urine were collected quantitatively for 5 days. Urinary and total N outputs decreased linearly (P , 0.05) with DL-Met or MHA-Ca supplementation. Nitrogen retention, expressed as g/day and as % of intake increased linearly (P , 0.01) with DL-Met and MHA-Ca supplementations. The relative efficacy of MHA-Ca to DL-Met was estimated to be 71.2% on a product-to-product basis for N retention expressed as % of intake. In Exp. 2 (performance trial), 280, 21-day-old crossbred (Pietrain 3 (Landrace 3 Large White)) pigs (eight pigs per pen, seven pens per treatment), were allocated to five diets in a completely randomized block design after a 10-day adaptation period. The Met-deficient basal diet contained 16.5% CP and 0.21% Met. Other diets were basal diet supplemented with two graded levels of DL-Met (0.04% and 0.08%) or MHA-Ca (0.062% and 0.12%) on a product basis at a DL-Met to MHA-Ca ratio of 65 : 100 at the expense of maize. BW and feed disappearance were monitored weekly for 3 weeks to determine performance. Final BW, average daily gain and average daily feed intake increased (P , 0.05) and feed to gain ratio decreased (P , 0.05) with the addition of Met to the basal diet irrespective of the source. Overall, the N retention results of Exp. 1 showed that the average relative bioavailability of MHA-Ca to DL-Met to support N retention (% of N intake) was 71% on a product-to-product basis (85% on an equimolar basis). In Exp. 2, pig performance was not different when Met was supplemented in the Met-deficient diet at a DL-Met to MHA-Ca ratio of 65 : 100 on a product basis.

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Nitrogen balance and ileal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration1,2

Cited by 75 publications

References 38 publications

Apparent and standardised ileal digestibilities and growth performance of finishing pigs fed diets formulated with new corn hybrids

Apparent and standardised ileal digestibilities and growth performance of finishing pigs fed diets formulated with new corn hybrids

Teor de proteína no metabolismo do nitrogênio e da energia em suínos durante o crescimento

Bioavailability of methionine hydroxy analog-calcium salt relative to dl-methionine to support nitrogen retention and growth in starter pigs

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