Nitrogen and Sulfur Doped Carbon Cloth as Current Collector and Polysulfide Immobilizer for Magnesium‐Sulfur Batteries

Muthuraj, Divyamahalakshmi; Ghosh, Arnab; Kumar, Ajit; Mitra, Sagar

doi:10.1002/celc.201801526

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Apart from the commercial current collectors, Muthuraj et al developed an effective current collector, which is stable against corrosive electrolytes and can also catch polysulfides. Very recently, they presented a N‐, S‐dually doped carbon cloth (DCC) as current collector, which possesses a 3D interconnected porous structure that provides superior cycle stability and high conductivity .…”

Section: Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that after the addition of IL to the electrolyte the initial capacity and the capacity at the 20th cycle increased to 800 mAh g −1 sulfur and 280 mAh g −1 sulfur , respectively . Due to the attractive electrochemical properties and the simplicity in synthesis, this type of electrolytes was also utilized by Vinayan et al, Yu and Arumugam, Friedrich and co‐workers, and Muthuraj et al, though with combinations of different cathodes, anodes and current collectors.…”

Section: Electrolyte Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Technology: State of the Art and Key Challenges

Wang

Buchmeiser

2019

Adv Funct Materials

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abundant metal on earth. [19] In view of these merits and the high abundance of sulfur, increasing interest has been raised on post Li-S battery systems, including magnesium-selenium batteries, Mg-S batteries, which display higher energy density, low costs and improved safety in comparison to Li-S batteries. [11,[20][21][22][23] Despite the advantages of Mg-S batteries, major issues in this field are related to the severe overcharge behavior and low sulfur utilization of the cathode during charging and discharging in general, the formation of magnesium polysulfides and the slow diffusion of Mg 2+ , which all result in poor electrochemical behavior. [17,22,24,25] Substantial efforts have been made to improve cell performance so far, including the modification of cathode materials, anodes and separators, [25] the synthesis of novel electrolyte systems, [24,26] which all to some extent can improve the cell behavior. Figure 1d gives a timeline of all the novel findings in the area of Mg-S batteries in each year. Figure 1b demonstrates an overview of the topics addressed in the published research articles in Mg-S batteries. According to this survey, the research community developed a strong preference for investigating novel electrolyte systems, modifying sulfur cathode materials and carrying out mechanistic studies. By contrast, only few research groups devoted their work to the other components of a Mg-S battery, such as the anode and the separator. Major improvements related to the latter two will also be thoroughly discussed in the following sections.Several reviews already discussed the developments in Mg batteries based on intercalation cathode materials. [1,15,[27][28][29][30] By contrast, accounts on Mg batteries containing a sulfur-based conversion cathode, which benefits from high theoretical energy density, a reasonable potential difference with Mg, nontoxicity and high earth abundance [11,31,32] are rare. This review solely refers to Mg-S batteries that use sulfur-based conversion cathodes.The purposes of this review are to summarize and highlight the most up-to-date and novel findings for Mg-S batteries, addressing sulfur-based conversion cathodes and Mg anode materials, separator modifications as well as various electrolyte systems. Furthermore, since the research on Mg-S batteries is still at an initial stage, some challenges, including the capacity decay mechanism, a lack of suitable electrolyte systems and the passivation of the Mg anode, which so far impedes any superior electrochemical performance in Mg-S batteries, will also be addressed. In addition, we also listed and discussed some possible future prospects for high energy Mg-S batteries. Finally, the currently reported Mg-S systems have been summarized in a table for easy comparison.This review on rechargeable Mg-S batteries is arranged in the following sequences. In the first section, currently applied anode materials (various forms of Mg anodes) and prospective anodes are discussed. Next, various sulfur-based conversion cathodes, which mainly...

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Section: Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrolyte Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Technology: State of the Art and Key Challenges

Wang

Buchmeiser

2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Recently, nitrogen and sulfur dual doped carbon cloths have been used as current collectors and polysulfide reservoir in Mg−S batteries . It was observed that elemental doping not only improves the ion diffusion in carbon cloths but also reduces the voltage hysteresis loss during charge/discharge.…”

Section: Flexible Carbon Cloth‐based Hybrids For Electrochemical Supementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[106] Recently, nitrogen and sulfur dual doped carbon cloths have been used as current collectors and polysulfide reservoir in MgÀ S batteries. [25] It was observed that elemental doping not only improves the ion diffusion in carbon cloths but also reduces the voltage hysteresis loss during charge/discharge. Thus doping can be thought to be more advantageous for improving energy storage in carbon cloths and it was evident from recently reported nitrogen-doped carbon cloths where doping was carried out via simple and facile nitrogen plasma approach.…”

Section: Growth Of Carbon Nanomaterials or Their Analogues On Carbon mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Cloth‐based Hybrid Materials as Flexible Electrochemical Supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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Carbon cloths are the important materials composed of woven carbon fibres having the diameters in the range of 5–10 μm. These materials have been investigated for innumerable applications such as supercapacitors (symmetric and asymmetric), batteries, solar cells, and catalysis. They are found to be the best supports as supercapacitive materials by providing high surface area, conductivity and flexibility compared to much widely used substrate materials such as Ni foam and 1D Fe nanowires. High conductivity and surface area of carbon cloths enable ion diffusion and cause decrease in charge transfer resistance, resulting in an increase of specific capacitance of specific electrodes. Several supercapacitive metal oxides, chalcogenides, phosphides, MXenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive polymers have been incorporated into carbon cloths to improve their energy storage activity. Further modification of carbon cloth surface via oxidation, doping and by the growth of different nanostructures is also helpful as it increases the electroactive surface area necessary for electrochemical interaction. The present review mainly focuses on the development of flexible supercapacitors using carbon cloth‐based substrate materials. Such flexible supercapacitors can be further utilized for an uninterrupted and steady power supply to wearable and portable electronic devices.

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“…The energy storage mechanism for all metal-sulfur batteries follows a conversion type mechanism [13,[150][151][152][153][154]. A simple version of this reaction occurs for lithium, sodium and magnesium [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166]. In this mechanism the sulfur in the cathode is reduced and forms a metal sulfide complex with the metal ions from the electrolyte solution, as in Equation 22.…”

Section: Metal-sulfur Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

et al. 2020

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We discuss the latest developments in alternative battery systems based on sodium, magnesium, zinc and aluminum. In each case, we categorize the individual metals by the overarching cathode material type, focusing on the energy storage mechanism. Specifically, sodium-ion batteries are the closest in technology and chemistry to today’s lithium-ion batteries. This lowers the technology transition barrier in the short term, but their low specific capacity creates a long-term problem. The lower reactivity of magnesium makes pure Mg metal anodes much safer than alkali ones. However, these are still reactive enough to be deactivated over time. Alloying magnesium with different metals can solve this problem. Combining this with different cathodes gives good specific capacities, but with a lower voltage (<1.3 V, compared with 3.8 V for Li-ion batteries). Zinc has the lowest theoretical specific capacity, but zinc metal anodes are so stable that they can be used without alterations. This results in comparable capacities to the other materials and can be immediately used in systems where weight is not a problem. Theoretically, aluminum is the most promising alternative, with its high specific capacity thanks to its three-electron redox reaction. However, the trade-off between stability and specific capacity is a problem. After analyzing each option separately, we compare them all via a political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) analysis. The review concludes with recommendations for future applications in the mobile and stationary power sectors.

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Nitrogen and Sulfur Doped Carbon Cloth as Current Collector and Polysulfide Immobilizer for Magnesium‐Sulfur Batteries

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Technology: State of the Art and Key Challenges

Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Technology: State of the Art and Key Challenges

Carbon Cloth‐based Hybrid Materials as Flexible Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

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