Nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment cause declines in invertebrate populations: a global meta‐analysis

Nessel, Mark P; Konnovitch, Theresa; Romero, Gustavo Q.; Gonzalez, Andrea F.

doi:10.1111/brv.12771

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 316 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…In addition, our results might be limited to more mobile arthropods, as 10-d experiments might act to limit the abundances of those arthropods which recruit to shelters via oviposition (e.g., many herbivores). This will occur since the duration of the experiment is relatively short compared with the time needed for eggs to hatch (Lill & Marquis, 2007) (Nessel et al, 2021;van Klink et al, 2020;Wagner, 2020;Wagner et al, 2021). With the increasing frequency of extreme droughts and heat waves, terrestrial arthropod communities may become more dependent on suitable microclimates (Pinsky et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They provide valuable ecosystem services, such as biological control, nutrient cycling, bioturbation and pollination. Because arthropods are ectothermic and closely dependent on external energy, they are also among the organisms most acutely threatened by ongoing global changes (Nessel et al, 2021; van Klink et al, 2020; Wagner, 2020; Wagner et al, 2021). With the increasing frequency of extreme droughts and heat waves, terrestrial arthropod communities may become more dependent on suitable microclimates (Pinsky et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment

Romero

Gonçalves‐Souza

Roslin

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short‐ versus long‐term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non‐rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls’ effect differed between long‐ and short‐term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long‐term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment

Romero

Gonçalves‐Souza

Roslin

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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“…The responses of LL decomposition to increasing water nutrient concentrations (e.g., ) may be hump shaped (Woodward et al, 2012) or positive, and this effect was stronger for nutrientpoor LL (e.g., low N) than for nutrient-rich LL (Ferreira et al, 2015a). In addition, nutrient enrichment significantly decreased macroinvertebrate abundance in freshwaters, and this effect was stronger in tropical than in temperate areas (Nessel et al, 2021). Because CLL has lower quality than broadleaved LL, conifers are mainly distributed in temperate regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global patterns and drivers of coniferous leaf-litter decomposition in streams and rivers

Xiang

Cao

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Many streams and rivers are heterotrophic ecosystems that are highly dependent on cross-ecosystem subsidies such as leaf litter (LL). Terrestrial LL can be consumed by macroinvertebrates and microbes to fuel the detrital-based food webs in freshwaters. To date, our knowledge of LL decomposition in freshwaters is largely based on broadleaved LL, while the patterns and drivers of coniferous leaf-litter (CLL) decomposition in streams and rivers remain poorly understood. Here, we present a global investigation of CLL decomposition in streams and rivers by collecting data from 35 publications. We compared LL breakdown rates in this study with other global-scale studies (including conifers and broadleaved species), between evergreen and deciduous conifers, and between native and invasive conifers. We also investigated the climatic, geographic (latitude and altitude), stream physicochemical characteristics, and experimental factors (e.g., mesh size and experimental duration) in influencing CLL decomposition. We found that the following: (1) LL breakdown rates in this study were 18.5–28.8 and 4.9–16.8% slower than those in other global-scale studies when expressed as per day and per degree day, respectively. Conifer LL in coarse mesh bags, for evergreen and invasive conifers, decomposed 13.6, 10.3, and 10.8% faster than in fine mesh bags, for deciduous and native conifers, respectively; (2) CLL traits, stream physicochemical characteristics, and experimental factors explained higher variations in CLL decomposition than climatic and geographic factors; (3) CLL nutritional quality (N and P), water temperature, and experimental duration were better predictors of CLL decomposition than other predictors in categories of LL traits, stream physicochemical characteristics, and experimental factors, respectively; and (4) total and microbial-mediated CLL breakdown rates showed linear relationships with latitude, altitude, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation. Our results imply that the replacement of native forests by conifer plantation would impose great impacts on adjacent freshwaters by retarding the LL processing rate. Moreover, future climate warming which is very likely to happen in mid- and high-latitude areas according to the IPCC 6th report would accelerate LL decomposition, with a potential consequence of food depletion for detritivores in freshwaters during hot summers.

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“…There is now substantial evidence for the rapid decline of insects, at least in anthropogenic landscapes in western Europe and North America (Dirzo et al, 2014; Pilotto et al, 2020; Wagner, 2020; Warren et al, 2021; Wepprich et al, 2019). The suspected drivers of decline, such as industrial agriculture, climate change, urbanisation and pollution (Forister et al, 2021; Nessel et al, 2021; Piano et al, 2020; Raven & Wagner, 2021), are increasing in extent, intensity and impact (Díaz et al, 2019). In marked contrast are local increases driven by environmental restoration (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revised Red List of British butterflies

Fox

Dennis

Brown

et al. 2022

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. Regular reassessment of extinction risk is critical to prioritise conservation action during the current period of rapid, anthropogenic biodiversity change.2. Butterflies are a flagship group for insect monitoring and conservation, as they are highly visible, well studied and exhibit rapid responses to environmental change.Here, we use systematic population monitoring data from the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme and citizen-science derived occurrence records to provide an updated assessment of extinction risk in Great Britain (GB) by applying current International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria to 62 butterfly species.3. The resulting regional Red List categorises four species as Regionally Extinct, 24 (41% of the remaining, extant species) as threatened (8 Endangered and 16Vulnerable), 5 (9%) as Near Threatened and 29 (50%) as Least Concern. Recent reduction in population size (Criterion A) based on smoothed, long-term time series of abundance and occurrence data, was responsible for most of the threatened or Near Threatened categorisations. 4. While the status of some species improved, likely due to conservation efforts, the revised Red List demonstrates an ongoing deterioration in the status of GB butterflies, with a 26% increase in threatened species since the previous assessment. 5. A greater proportion of butterflies was classed as threatened than for most other GB taxa. While this may stem from greater data availability for butterflies than most other groups (thus allowing tests of extinction risk against more criteria), it highlights the need to reinvigorate conservation efforts for these charismatic insects.

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Nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment cause declines in invertebrate populations: a global meta‐analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 316 publications

Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment

Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment

Global patterns and drivers of coniferous leaf-litter decomposition in streams and rivers

A revised Red List of British butterflies

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