“…As an example, the rate capability curves of the N@C counterpart are shown in Figure S6a; its discharge capacity is greatly inferior to that of N,P@C when the current density is returned to 0.1 A/g (Figure S6b). The reasonable explanation is ascribed to the synergistic contributions of heteroatom doping. ,,− ,,, These data indicate that the N,P@C anode shows a good rate capability and excellent reversibility.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…The reasonable explanation is ascribed to the synergistic contributions of heteroatom doping. 4 , 7 , 11 − 13 , 32 , 39 , 40 These data indicate that the N,P@C anode shows a good rate capability and excellent reversibility.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…Many researchers have demonstrated that macropores can provide transportation channels for lithium ion diffusion, micropores can act as reservoirs to improve the capacity of lithium ion storage, and mesopores offer highways for lithium ion transportation. ,,− The values for S BET , the average pore size, and the pore volume of N,P@C were calculated to 675.4 m 2 /g, 6.898 nm, and 2.383 cm 3 /g, respectively. In comparison with most of the biomass-derived anode materials in the literature, N,P@C shows higher S BET value, which is associated with the synthesis procedure of the carbon material. ,, Both the high S BET value and the hierarchical pore structure benefit the efficient electrochemical performance of lithium ion battery by exposing more active sites and facilitating lithium ion diffusion. , …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…The improved graphitization structure of N,P@C can expose more active sites for lithium ion intercalation and transportation. 31 , 32 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This indicates that N,P@C tends to be a disordered amorphous or defective carbon framework due to heteroatom doping and Zn 2+ evaporation. ,, The graphitization degree of N,P@C (I D /I G = 1.02) is higher than that of its counterparts (Figure S3) C ( I D / I G = 1.15), N@C ( I D / I G = 1.04), and P@C ( I D / I G = 1.11). The improved graphitization structure of N,P@C can expose more active sites for lithium ion intercalation and transportation. , …”
Biomass-derived heteroatom-doped
carbons have been considered to
be excellent lithium ion battery (LIB) anode materials. Herein, ultrathin
g-C
3
N
4
nanosheets anchored on N,P-codoped biomass-derived
carbon (N,P@C) were successfully fabricated by carbonization in an
argon atmosphere. The structural characteristics of the resultant
N,P@C were elucidated by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman, and BET
surface area measurements. The results show that N,P@C has a high
specific surface area (
S
BET
= 675.4 cm
3
/g), a mesoporous-dominant pore (average pore size of 6.898
nm), and a high level of defects (
I
D
/
I
G
= 1.02). The hierarchical porous structural
properties are responsible for the efficient electrochemical performance
of N,P@C as an anode material, which exhibits an outstanding reversible
specific capacity of 1264.3 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, an elegant rate capability
of 261 mAh/g at 10 A, and a satisfactory cycling stability of 1463.8
mAh/g at 1 A after 500 cycles. Because of the special structure and
synergistic contributions from N and P heteroatoms, the resultant
N,P@C endows LIBs with electrochemical performance superior to those
of most of carbon-based anode materials derived from biomass in the
literature. The findings in this present work pave a novel avenue
toward lignin volarization to produce anode material for use in high-performance
LIBs.
“…As an example, the rate capability curves of the N@C counterpart are shown in Figure S6a; its discharge capacity is greatly inferior to that of N,P@C when the current density is returned to 0.1 A/g (Figure S6b). The reasonable explanation is ascribed to the synergistic contributions of heteroatom doping. ,,− ,,, These data indicate that the N,P@C anode shows a good rate capability and excellent reversibility.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…The reasonable explanation is ascribed to the synergistic contributions of heteroatom doping. 4 , 7 , 11 − 13 , 32 , 39 , 40 These data indicate that the N,P@C anode shows a good rate capability and excellent reversibility.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…Many researchers have demonstrated that macropores can provide transportation channels for lithium ion diffusion, micropores can act as reservoirs to improve the capacity of lithium ion storage, and mesopores offer highways for lithium ion transportation. ,,− The values for S BET , the average pore size, and the pore volume of N,P@C were calculated to 675.4 m 2 /g, 6.898 nm, and 2.383 cm 3 /g, respectively. In comparison with most of the biomass-derived anode materials in the literature, N,P@C shows higher S BET value, which is associated with the synthesis procedure of the carbon material. ,, Both the high S BET value and the hierarchical pore structure benefit the efficient electrochemical performance of lithium ion battery by exposing more active sites and facilitating lithium ion diffusion. , …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…The improved graphitization structure of N,P@C can expose more active sites for lithium ion intercalation and transportation. 31 , 32 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This indicates that N,P@C tends to be a disordered amorphous or defective carbon framework due to heteroatom doping and Zn 2+ evaporation. ,, The graphitization degree of N,P@C (I D /I G = 1.02) is higher than that of its counterparts (Figure S3) C ( I D / I G = 1.15), N@C ( I D / I G = 1.04), and P@C ( I D / I G = 1.11). The improved graphitization structure of N,P@C can expose more active sites for lithium ion intercalation and transportation. , …”
Biomass-derived heteroatom-doped
carbons have been considered to
be excellent lithium ion battery (LIB) anode materials. Herein, ultrathin
g-C
3
N
4
nanosheets anchored on N,P-codoped biomass-derived
carbon (N,P@C) were successfully fabricated by carbonization in an
argon atmosphere. The structural characteristics of the resultant
N,P@C were elucidated by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman, and BET
surface area measurements. The results show that N,P@C has a high
specific surface area (
S
BET
= 675.4 cm
3
/g), a mesoporous-dominant pore (average pore size of 6.898
nm), and a high level of defects (
I
D
/
I
G
= 1.02). The hierarchical porous structural
properties are responsible for the efficient electrochemical performance
of N,P@C as an anode material, which exhibits an outstanding reversible
specific capacity of 1264.3 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, an elegant rate capability
of 261 mAh/g at 10 A, and a satisfactory cycling stability of 1463.8
mAh/g at 1 A after 500 cycles. Because of the special structure and
synergistic contributions from N and P heteroatoms, the resultant
N,P@C endows LIBs with electrochemical performance superior to those
of most of carbon-based anode materials derived from biomass in the
literature. The findings in this present work pave a novel avenue
toward lignin volarization to produce anode material for use in high-performance
LIBs.
As a typical representative of vanadium‐based sulfides, vanadium disulfide has attracted the attention of researchers ascribed to its high theoretical capacity and unique crystal structure. However, overcoming its structural collapse while achieving dual functionalization that serves as both active material and binder remains challenging. This study designs a dopamine‐coating vanadium disulfide core‐shell structure through the synergistic effect of V‐O bonds and hydrogen bonds between vanadium disulfide and dopamine, which is further employed as a dual‐function electrode material. The polydopamine‐coated vanadium disulfide without binder exhibits specific capacity of 682.03 mAh g−1, and the Coulombic efficiency of 99.78% at a current density of 200 mA g−1 after 400 cycles. More importantly, at a larger current density of 1000 mA g−1, the specific capacity is 385.44 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles. After 3150 cycles, the specific capacity is 200.32 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1. Electrochemical kinetics analysis displays that the polydopamine‐coated vanadium disulfide without binder exhibits fast ion‐diffusion kinetics, with the order of magnitude of ion‐diffusion coefficients ranging from 10−11 to 10−12. This kind of material has the potential to be a significantly promising electrode material for “fast‐charging” lithium‐ion batteries.
The environmental impact from the waste disposal has been widely concerned around the world. The conversion of wastes to useful resources is important for the sustainable society. As a typical family of wastes, biomass materials basically composed of collagen, protein and lignin, are considered as useful resources for recycle and reuse. In recent years, the development of carbon material derived from biomasses, such as plants, crops, animals and their application in electrochemical energy storage have attracted extensive attention. Through the selection of the appropriate biomass, the optimization of the activation method and the control of the pyrolysis temperatures, carbon materials with desired features, such as high‐specific surface area, variable porous framework, and controllable heteroatom‐doping have been fabricated. Herein, this review summarized the preparation methods, morphologies, heteroatoms doping in the plant/animal‐derived carbonaceous materials, and their application as electrode materials for secondary batteries and supercapacitors, and as electrode support for lithium‐sulfur batteries. The challenges and prospects for the controllable synthesis and large‐scale application of biomass‐derived carbonaceous materials have also been outlooked.
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