Nitrofuran antibiotic metabolites detected at parts per million concentrations in retina of pigs—a new matrix for enhanced monitoring of nitrofuran abuse

Cooper, Kevin M.; Kennedy, D.G.

doi:10.1039/b418374f

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…This approach is used to confirm the presence of NF residues in samples because total residues are now widely considered to be insufficiently specific to identify illegal use of NF residues, especially in the case of nitrofurazone abuse (monitoring of the SEM metabolite). Samples are disrupted in the presence of MeOH:H2O followed by subsequent washings with ice- [36]. This group found that total NF antibiotic metabolites could be detected at mg kg -1 levels in the retina of pigs due to the accumulation of drug residues in the eye.…”

Section: Nitrofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis

Kinsella

O’Mahony

Malone

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography A

181

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A comprehensive review is presented on the current trends in sample preparation for isolation of veterinary drugs and growth promotors from foods. The objective of the review is to firstly give an overview of the sample preparation techniques that are applied in field. The review will focus on new techniques and technologies, which improve efficiency and coverage of residues. The underlying theme to the paper is the developments that have been made in multi-residue methods and particularly multi-class methods for residues of licensed animal health products, which have been developed in the last couple of years. The role of multi-class methods is discussed and how they can be accommodated in future residue surveillance.

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Section: Nitrofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis

Kinsella

O’Mahony

Malone

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography A

181

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“…Cooper and colleagues (2008) [168] also detected residues of nitrofuran in the eyes (primarily in the retina) of broiler chickens fed a diet consisting of a sub-therapeutic level of the antibiotic, with ocular concentrations of the metabolite that were significantly higher than in muscle or liver. Similarly, Cooper and Kennedy [199] noted that nitrofuran metabolites accumulated in the retina of pigs fed therapeutic doses, at concentrations an order of magnitude higher than those seen in edible tissues (e.g., muscle). They concluded that the elevated retinal concentrations and long depletion half-lives observed for all four of the nitrofuran metabolites indicated these would be detectable at the time of slaughter in the retinas of pigs fed a therapeutic dose at any point in their lifetime [199].…”

Section: Analysis Of Ocular Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Ocular Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The iris, ciliary body, choroid and retinal layers of the eye all contain melanin [199], identified as the binding site for drugs in pigmented ocular tissues [200]. The retina has also been described as a metabolic 'dead-end' tissue, where residues of parent compounds and metabolites accumulate at high concentrations and are not subject to the higher cellular turnover and clearance rates of tissues such as the liver [199]. For example, while concentrations of the ß-agonist clenbuterol decreased in the muscle and plasma of broiler chickens and were no longer detectable between 24 and 48 hours after withdrawal, eyes (and feathers, as previously discussed) still contained detectable residues 43 days later [169].…”

Section: Analysis Of Ocular Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Merging Wildlife and Environmental Monitoring Approaches with Forensic Principles: Application of Unconventional and Non-Invasive Sampling in Eco- Pharmacovigilance

Richards¹

2014

J Forensic Res

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Pharmaceutical residues in the environment have the potential to harm wildlife. A population's fragility or an animal's secretive nature may preclude capture and the use of invasive/destructive sampling techniques that are typically used in a risk assessment. Conventionally favoured matrices gathered opportunistically from carcasses have a finite lifespan, thereby limiting the detection window. This multidisciplinary paper aims to promote the use of non-invasive approaches and optimize use of even the most degraded carcasses. We highlight a selection of promising alternative, unconventional and underutilized sample types that could be applied in environmental monitoring efforts and wildlife forensic investigations. With a focus on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), now under increasing scrutiny in the freshwater and terrestrial environment, we first illustrate current sampling practices and gaps in knowledge by summarizing exposure of: 1) aquatic organisms to urban effluent discharged into waterways, and, 2) scavenging species to veterinary residues in livestock and other carrion. We then consider the merits and limitations of a range of alternative environmentally robust sample options that offer a broader detection interval for NSAIDs, with emphasis on hair, wool and feathers. The viability of eyes/ocular material, bone matter, fecal matter, injection sites, ingesta/pellets and scavenging/coprophagous insects are also discussed.

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“…1). Various studies have demonstrated that the nitrofurans are metabolized rapidly by animals in vivo, and stable tissue-bound metabolites are formed that may be released by mild acid hydrolysis and monitored as marker residues in edible tissues [11,21]. Accordingly, 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) and semicarbazide (SEM) are monitored as marker residues for the drugs furaltadone, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Competitive ELISA for the Detection of a Furaltadone Marker Residue, 3-Amino-5-Morpholinomethyl-2-Oxazolidinone (AMOZ), in Cultured Fish Samples

Sheu

Tai²,

et al. 2012

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. This report describes an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for tissue-bound metabolite 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and the application to residue analysis in cultured fish samples. The residue is monitored as a marker for the drug furaltadone. The assay enables the detection of protein bound AMOZ in the form of a 2-nitrophenyl derivative (2-NP-AMOZ) in sample supernatant or extract after acid hydrolysis and derivatization with o-nitrobenzaldehyde. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies were produced with a new immunogen hapten, 2-NP-HXA-AMOZ. The new ELISA had adequate analytical sensitivity (IC 50 value 0.325 µg kg −1 ; limit of detection 0.1 µg kg −1 ) to determine a trace of AMOZ residue and had a high selectivity. Recoveries of AMOZ fortified at the levels of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 µg kg −1 ranged from 89.8 to 112.5% with coefficients of variation of 12.4−16.2% over the range of AMOZ concentrations studied. The results obtained with the ELISA correlated well with those obtained by commercial test kits for 150 tested samples (r=0.984). The results suggest that the developed ELISA is a highly specific, accurate, and sensitive method suitable for high throughput screening for AMOZ residues.

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Nitrofuran antibiotic metabolites detected at parts per million concentrations in retina of pigs—a new matrix for enhanced monitoring of nitrofuran abuse

Cited by 50 publications

References 8 publications

Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis

Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis

Merging Wildlife and Environmental Monitoring Approaches with Forensic Principles: Application of Unconventional and Non-Invasive Sampling in Eco- Pharmacovigilance

Development of a Competitive ELISA for the Detection of a Furaltadone Marker Residue, 3-Amino-5-Morpholinomethyl-2-Oxazolidinone (AMOZ), in Cultured Fish Samples

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