Nitriding at low temperature

Fewell, M.P.; Priest, J.M; Baldwin, M.J.; Collins, G.A.; Short, K.T.

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(00)00793-3

Cited by 94 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[10][11][12][13] Furthermore, plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steels is a model system where PI 3 demonstrated the efficiency of decreasing the surface potential barrier compared to rf plasma. 14 Finally, pathways for plasma surface engineering can be opened, bearing in mind not only the type of steel and the process variables, but also the previous heat treatment of the base material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previous heat treatment inducing different plasma nitriding behaviors in martensitic stainless steels

Figueroa

Alvarez

Mitchell

et al. 2006

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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In this work we report a study of the induced changes in structure and corrosion behavior of martensitic stainless steels nitrided by plasma immersion ion implantation (PI3) at different previous heat treatments. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction and glancing angle x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic measurements. Depending on the proportion of retained austenite in the unimplanted material, different phase transformations are obtained at lower and intermediate temperatures of nitrogen implantation. At higher temperatures, the great mobility of the chromium yields CrN segregations like spots in random distribution, and the a' -martensite is degraded to -Fe (ferrite). The nitrided layer thickness follows a fairly linear relationship with the temperature and a parabolic law with the process time. The corrosion resistance depends strongly on chromium segregation from the martensitic matrix, as a result of the formation of CrN during the nitrogen implantation process and the formation of CrxC during the heat treatment process. Briefly speaking, the best results are obtained using low tempering temperature and low implantation temperature (below 375 degrees) due to the increment of the corrosion resistance and nitrogen dissolution in the structure with not too high diffusion depths (about 5-10 um). In this work we report a study of the induced changes in structure and corrosion behavior of martensitic stainless steels nitrided by plasma immersion ion implantation ͑PI 3 ͒ at different previous heat treatments. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction and glancing angle x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic measurements. Depending on the proportion of retained austenite in the unimplanted material, different phase transformations are obtained at lower and intermediate temperatures of nitrogen implantation. At higher temperatures, the great mobility of the chromium yields CrN segregations like spots in random distribution, and the ␣Ј-martensite is degraded to ␣-Fe ͑ferrite͒. The nitrided layer thickness follows a fairly linear relationship with the temperature and a parabolic law with the process time. The corrosion resistance depends strongly on chromium segregation from the martensitic matrix, as a result of the formation of CrN during the nitrogen implantation process and the formation of Cr x C during the heat treatment process. Briefly speaking, the best results are obtained using low tempering temperature and low implantation temperature ͑below 375°͒ due to the increment of the corrosion resistance and nitrogen dissolution in the structure with not too high diffusion depths ͑about 5 -10 m͒.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previous heat treatment inducing different plasma nitriding behaviors in martensitic stainless steels

Figueroa

Alvarez

Mitchell

et al. 2006

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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“…Indeed, the use of hydrogen in a ~25 vol. % presents a combined role, first it increases the thickness of surface nitride layer (combined layer) by reducing the oxide layer [14,[24][25][26] and secondly during the plasma treatment hydrogen increases the density of active nitriding species [15]. However, the increase of hydrogen content (~75 vol.…”

Section: Structural Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Bouanis¹,

Bentiss²,

Traisnel³

et al. 2011

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract.C38 carbon steel has been nitrided by radiofrequency cold plasma discharge with the aim to study the effect of gas composition on structural and mechanical properties of nitrided substrates. The plasma nitriding was carried out on unheated substrates, using two different gas mixtures (75% N 2 /25% H 2 and 25% N 2 /75% H 2 ) for 8 hours of plasma treatment. Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) showed that the nitrogen content and the nitride layer thickness mainly depend on the hydrogen content in the plasma. For 75%N 2 /25%H 2 mixtures, nitrided samples showed the formation of thicker nitride layer with high content of nitrogen compared to those formed in the case of 25% N 2 /75% H 2 or pure N 2 . The thickness of the nitride layer formed is approximately 15 µm for 8 h of plasma with 75% N 2 /25% H 2 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to obtain chemical-state information of the plasma nitrided steel surfaces. The mechanical properties of plasma nitrided C38 steel were investigated by Vickers microhardness measurements. The micromechanical results show the formation of a new hard layer on the surface after N 2 /H 2 treatment plasma and it reaches a maximum value of more than 2242 HV 0.005 for 75% N 2 /25% H 2 plasma nitrided samples. However, a decrease in the hardness values with the applied load has been evidenced.

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“…Between others, various techniques of nitriding are very useful for profitable modification of mechanical characteristics of steel [1][2][3][4]. This is particularly important in case of cast steel, owing to possibility of inexpensive and precise production of metal details of machines and devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Composition of the Surface Zone of Nitrided Cast Steels and Their Mechanical Properties

2011

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Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy and structural X-ray diffractometry have been used to study nitrides formation in the surface layer of cast steels subjected previously to low-temperature nitriding. It has been found that creation of iron-nitrogen phases strongly depends on sample composition. Nitrides: γ'-Fe4N and ε-Fe2−3N arise in the course of the nitriding procedure in most investigated cast steels. Moreover, considerable changes in their microstructure and tribological properties occur. The depth profile of nitrides has been derived for selected cast steel.

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Nitriding at low temperature

Cited by 94 publications

References 11 publications

Previous heat treatment inducing different plasma nitriding behaviors in martensitic stainless steels

Previous heat treatment inducing different plasma nitriding behaviors in martensitic stainless steels

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Phase Composition of the Surface Zone of Nitrided Cast Steels and Their Mechanical Properties

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Nitriding at low temperature

Cited by 94 publications

References 11 publications

Previous heat treatment inducing different plasma nitriding behaviors in martensitic stainless steels

Previous heat treatment inducing different plasma nitriding behaviors in martensitic stainless steels

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N2/H2cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Phase Composition of the Surface Zone of Nitrided Cast Steels and Their Mechanical Properties

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Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel