“…The peaks at the binding energies of 1.1 eV above the bulk peak have been assigned as the Ga 3+ oxidation state. 14 In order to examine the formation of any nitride layers and the structure of the nitrides, the N 1s peak was also evaluated. On the other hand, the peak shift in the spectra ͑d͒ strongly suggests that the nitridation could cause some 3. ͑Color online͒ XPS ͑a͒, ͑b͒ As 3d, ͑c͒, ͑d͒ Ga 2p and ͑e͒, ͑f͒ N 1s spectra of the SiO 2 /InGaAs MOS interfaces ͑a͒, ͑c͒, ͑e͒ with and ͑b͒, ͑d͒, ͑f͒ without nitridation.…”