Nitric oxide transport in an axisymmetric stenosis

Liu, Xiao; Fan, Yubo; Xu, Xiao Yun; Deng, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0224

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the disturbed flow after the stenosis would further accelerate platelet aggregation and accumulation. 43,56,76,98 Moreover, postsurgical treatments of the atherosclerotic plaque would also cause abnormal flow conditions and lead to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, which may result in obstruction of vascular interventions, such as arterial stents and bypass grafts. 15 The human aortic arch is curved and twisted to be a non-planar geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Significance of Helical Flow in the Arterial System and its Potential Clinical Applications

et al. 2014

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Helical flow in the human aorta is possibly a typical example of 'form follows function' in the vascular system. The helical blood flow may provide guaranties for the inner surface of the ascending aortic wall to get smooth and even washing by the blood so that atherosclerotic plaques can hardly form in the area of the ascending aorta. It has been documented that the phenomenon of helical flow of blood is not just localized in the ascending aorta, it also exists in several large arteries and veins as well. Preliminary studies demonstrated the widely existing helical flow might play positive physiological roles in facilitating blood flow transport, suppressing disturbed blood flow, preventing the accumulation of atherogenic low density lipoproteins on the luminal surfaces of arteries, enhancing oxygen transport from the blood to the arterial wall and reducing the adhesion of blood cells on the arterial surface. These roles of helical blood flow may lessen the burden of arteries and protect the arteries from the pathology of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and intimal hyperplasia. The great development of time-resolved three-dimensional phase contrast MRI (flow-sensitive 4D-MRI) and the advent of dimensionless indices such as helical flow index proposed to characterize helical flow make clinic quantification of the helical flow in the human large arteries possible. Moreover, researchers probed into the possibility to apply the mechanism of helical flow to the design of vascular interventions to reduce thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia caused by abnormal flow conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Significance of Helical Flow in the Arterial System and its Potential Clinical Applications

et al. 2014

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“…The local transport of several substances near and at the vessel wall are known to influence atherosclerosis progression [56]. For example, previous studies have looked into transport of low density lipoproteins (LDL) [17,20,30,14], high density lipoproteins (HDL) [40,24], oxygen [16,27], nitric oxide (NO) [45,35], monocytes [12,14], and adenine triphosphate ATP and adenine diphosphate ADP [13,15,8] as important mass transport processes involved in atherosclerosis.Intravascular thrombosis is another compelling pathology associated with most cardiovascular diseases where near-wall transport becomes important [7,25]. The trajectories of individual platelets and the accumulation and residence time of chemical solutes including ADP, thrombin, and various blood factors control clot formation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wall shear stress exposure time: a Lagrangian measure of near-wall stagnation and concentration in cardiovascular flows

Arzani

Gambaruto

Chen

et al. 2016

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms suitable in regions of complex hemodynamics that are traditionally difficult to quantify, yet encountered in many disease scenarios. Keywords: advection-diffusion; blood flow; hemodynamics; near-wall transport; residence time; shear stress; p. 2 IntroductionBiomechanical interactions between blood flow and the vessel wall are central to the initiation and progression of most cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, the majority of computational and experimental investigations into blood flow seek to understand how local flow mechanics relates to disease progression in or on the vessel wall. Blood flow conditions in diseased vessels are usually spatially and temporally complex and are challenging to characterize [51,50], even without reference to the coupled biochemical or biophysical processes driving disease progression. Nonetheless, the role of blood flow mechanics in the "near-wall" region is of utmost importance since this is where such couplings are most profound. In the near-wall region, blood flow serves to impart mechanical stresses on the vessel wall, as well as regulate the local transport of reactive material between the tissue and fluid domains. It is this latter mechanism that motivates the work presented herein.A compelling scenario involving the interaction between blood flow and the vessel wall is atherosclerosis, which is a leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis occurs mainly in locations of disturbed blood flow patterns [9,47]. The local transport of several substances near and at the vessel wall are known to influence atherosclerosis progression [56]. For example, previous studies have looked into transport of low density lipoproteins (LDL) [17,20,30,14], high density lipoproteins (HDL) [40,24], oxygen [16,27], nitric oxide (NO) [45,35], monocytes [12,14], and adenine triphosphate ATP and adenine diphosphate ADP [13,15,8] as important mass transport processes involved in atherosclerosis.Intravascular thrombosis is another compelling pathology associated with most cardiovascular diseases where near-wall transport becomes important [7,25]. The trajectories of individual platelets and the accumulation and residence time of chemical solutes including ADP, thrombin, and various blood factors control clot formation. These solutes, and especially in activated form, are generated at the vessel wall or from bound platelets. Complex hemodynamics and flow stagnation are often associated with prothrombotic conditions. For example, intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) [57,54] complicates disease progression, and is thought to be strongly coupled to flow stagnation and recirculation. The chaotic flow field in AAAs [3] Near-wall transport can either be (i) explicitly modeled for a specific transport problem, or (ii) inferred from appropriate hemodynamics meas...

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“…Due to the very low transmural fluid velocity and high NO diffusivity in the arterial wall, the convective term of NO can be neglected [19] . Therefore, the aortic wall was assumed as solid wall without fluid transport and so that flow simulation was only carried out in the aortic lumen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inc. USA) with a user-defined C-like function (UDF). The UDF was used to solve the mass transport equations and validated by the results from Liu et al [19] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide Transport in Normal Human Thoracic Aorta: Effects of Hemodynamics and Nitric Oxide Scavengers

et al. 2014

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Despite the crucial role of nitric oxide (NO) in the homeostasis of the vasculature, little quantitative information exists concerning NO transport and distribution in medium and large-sized arteries where atherosclerosis and aneurysm occur and hemodynamics is complex. We hypothesized that local hemodynamics in arteries may govern NO transport and affect the distribution of NO in the arteries, hence playing an important role in the localization of vascular diseases. To substantiate this hypothesis, we presented a lumen/wall model of the human aorta based on its MRI images to simulate the production, transport and consumption of NO in the arterial lumen and within the aortic wall. The results demonstrated that the distribution of NO in the aorta was quite uneven with remarkably reduced NO bioavailability in regions of disturbed flow, and local hemodynamics could affect NO distribution mainly via flow dependent NO production rate of endothelium. In addition, erythrocytes in the blood could moderately modulate NO concentration in the aorta, especially at the endothelial surface. However, the reaction of NO within the wall could only slightly affect NO concentration on the luminal surface, but strongly reduce NO concentration within the aortic wall. A strong positive correlation was revealed between wall shear stress and NO concentration, which was affected by local hemodynamics and NO reaction rate. In conclusion, the distribution of NO in the aorta may be determined by local hemodynamics and modulated differently by NO scavengers in the lumen and within the wall.

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Nitric oxide transport in an axisymmetric stenosis

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Physiological Significance of Helical Flow in the Arterial System and its Potential Clinical Applications

Physiological Significance of Helical Flow in the Arterial System and its Potential Clinical Applications

Wall shear stress exposure time: a Lagrangian measure of near-wall stagnation and concentration in cardiovascular flows

Nitric Oxide Transport in Normal Human Thoracic Aorta: Effects of Hemodynamics and Nitric Oxide Scavengers

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