Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Dose-dependently and Reversibly Reduces the Threshold for Halothane Anesthesia

Johns, Roger A.; Moscicki, Jeffrey C.; DiFazio, Cosmo A.

doi:10.1097/00000542-199210000-00024

Cited by 137 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The neuronal NOS inhibitors L-NAME161–163 or 7-NI160,162,164,165 can decrease MAC by 35%–95%, but not all investigators find an effect of L-NAME on MAC 166,167. Peculiarly, 7-NI decreases MAC to the same extent in wild-type and NOS knockout mice,160 and arginine reverses the effect of the 7-NI by the same amount in wild-type and NOS knockout mice 160.…”

Section: Relevance Of Plausible Specific Targets (Alphabetical Order)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a New Paradigm Needed to Explain How Inhaled Anesthetics Produce Immobility?

Eger

Raines

Shafer³

et al. 2008

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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A paradox arises from present information concerning the mechanism(s) by which inhaled anesthetics produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation. Several findings, such as additivity, suggest a common site at which inhaled anesthetics act to produce immobility. However, two decades of focused investigation have not identified a ligand- or voltage-gated channel that alone is sufficient to mediate immobility. Indeed, most putative targets provide minimal or no mediation. For example, opioid, 5-HT3, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glutamate receptors, and potassium and calcium channels appear to be irrelevant or play only minor roles. Furthermore, no combination of actions on ligand- or voltage-gated channels seems sufficient. A few plausible targets (e.g., sodium channels) merit further study, but there remains the possibility that immobilization results from a nonspecific mechanism.

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Section: Relevance Of Plausible Specific Targets (Alphabetical Order)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a New Paradigm Needed to Explain How Inhaled Anesthetics Produce Immobility?

Eger

Raines

Shafer³

et al. 2008

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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“…In the central nervous system, neurotransmitters, drugs or conditions that cause increased cGMP levels, do so via the neuromodulator NO, whereas those that cause sedation decrease cGMP [21]. It was also reported that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) antagonists prevent the alpha 2 adrenoceptormediated analgesic effect of clonidine [30,36,62]. Inhibition of the noradrenergic input from the locus coeruleus to the cerebellum may modulate cerebellar cGMP concentrations, Purkinje cell activity, and motor activity.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Adenylate and Guanylate Cyclasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection by Alpha 2-Adrenergic Agonists in Cerebral Ischemia

Zhang¹,

Kimelberg

2005

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Ischemic brain injury is implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke and brain trauma, which are among the top killers worldwide, and intensive studies have been performed to reduce neural cell death after cerebral ischemia. Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists have been shown to improve the histomorphological and neurological outcome after cerebral ischemic injury when administered during ischemia, and recent studies have provided considerable evidence that alpha 2-adrenergic agonists can protect the brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thus, alpha 2-adrenergic agonists are promising potential drugs in preventing cerebral ischemic injury, but the mechanisms by which alpha 2-adrenergic agonists exert their neuroprotective effect are unclear. Activation of both the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor may be involved. This mini review examines the recent progress in alpha 2-adrenergic agonists - induced neuroprotection and its proposed mechanisms in cerebral ischemic injury.

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“…The ability of methylene blue to inhibit the production of NO may provide some insight into its mechanism of action. Nitric oxide is a known neuromodulator with activity in the CNS [26,27]; a reduction in NOS activity decreases MAC [28,29] and propofol requirements [30] in animals. These interactions may be complex, as volatile anesthetics also decrease NOS activity [31].…”

Section: Methylene Blue Treatment For Vasoplegia and Resultant Isoelementioning

confidence: 99%