Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Prevents Alveolar Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

Leitão, Renata F. C.; Ribeiro, Ronaldo A.; Chaves, Hellíada Vasconcelos; Rocha, Francisco Airton Castro; Lima, Vilma; Brito, Gerly Anne Castro

doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.6.956

Cited by 100 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this regard it has been reported that bone resorption in rats with induced periodontal disease could be prevented with isosorbid, an iNOS inhibitor (33,34), as well as with mercaptoethylguanidine (25). Other inhibitors used have included aminoguanidine (35) and the enzyme arginase, which competes with the substrate (L-arginine), thus reducing NO production (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide levels in saliva increase with severity of chronic periodontitis

et al. 2007

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The aims of this study were to compare nitric oxide (NO) levels in stimulated whole saliva from individuals with and without generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), and to evaluate correlations between these levels with a clinical diagnostic parameter. According to specific criteria, 30 individuals were divided into three groups: one comprising individuals without periodontitis (GC), a second comprising individuals with moderate GCP (GM), and a third comprising individuals with advanced GCP (GA). Samples were collected and NO levels measured. NO in the GCP group (GM: 7.78 µM; GA: 15.79 µM) was higher than in the GC group (5.86 µM). NO levels in the GA group were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than in the GC group, and could also differentiate (P < 0.0001) the moderate and advanced forms of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide levels in saliva increase with severity of chronic periodontitis

et al. 2007

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“…Another interesting fact is that the absence of this cytokine impairs PGE2 and NO production (Hurwitz et al, 1997;Ralston & Grabowski, 1996), which favors anabolic activity in the bone mechanotransduction pathway mentioned in the previous section. Nitric oxide (NO) increases root and bone resorption in orthodontics (Akin, Gurton & Olmez, 2004;Leitao et al, 2005;Leitao et al, 2004), an effect opposite to that in orthopedic reactions. Currently, there is no proven explanation for these contradictions.…”

Section: Biological Factors In Rate Of Tooth Movement and Errmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthodontic mechanotransduction and the role of the P2X7 receptor

Viecilli

Katona

Chen

et al. 2009

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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DEDICATIONTo my parents, who have supported my education. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTSOne of the most important things I have learned during my PhD is the necessity of the existence of a working network of people that can help you achieve your goals. The more effectively this network functions, the higher the chance you will achieve the goals quickly.I would first like to thank my parents, who have unconditionally supported my decision to abandon a profitable private practice in Orthodontics, and return to humble student conditions while aiming for a full time academic career.I also thank my girlfriend Laura Kruter who has (almost always) been ok with my, some might say, not very sane ideas. Sometimes they do turn out fine, though (like this "PhD" one).I can hardly think of anyone else that could have complemented my work and ideas during this Program as well as Dr. Thomas Katona. While I was passionately conditioned to an idea, he was always rational and careful. While I was sometimes furious with a shortcoming, he was always temperate and humorous. When I ran into his office with some news about a project, he would always listen and almost never seem too busy to see me. While I was working and something went wrong, he would listen and wonder with me about the "whys" and "hows", instead of telling me what to do or express disappointment. He was even subject to some of my home culinary experiments. I was extremely fortunate to find someone that thought about science the same way I did, and that actually helped me with my project instead of just telling me what to do. I felt like we worked as a team, and that helped to increase my motivation during my studies. The third part of this project tested the role of the P2X7 receptor in the dentoalveolar morphology of C57B/6 mice. P2X7R KO (knockout) mice were compared to C57B/6 WT to identify differences in a maxillary molar and bone. Tooth dimensions viii were measured and 3D bone morphometry was conducted. No statistically significant differences were found between the two mouse types. P2X7R does not have a major effect on alveolar bone or tooth morphology.The final part examines the role of the P2X7 receptor in a controlled biomechanical model. Orthodontic mechanotransduction was compared in wild-type (WT) and P2X7R knock-out (KO) mice. Using Finite Element Analysis, mouse mechanics were scaled to produce typical human stress levels. Relationships between the biological responses and the calculated stresses were statistically tested and compared.There were direct relationships between certain stress magnitudes and root resorption and bone formation. Hyalinization and root and bone resorption were different in WT and KO. Orthodontic responses are related to the principal stress patterns in the PDL and the P2X7 receptor plays a significant role in their mechanotransduction.

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“…Six-micrometer thick sections obtained from 6 animals in each experimental group, corresponding to the area between the first and second molars where the ligature had been placed, were examined by light microscopy. A 0 to 3 scale was used for analysis: 0, absence of or only mild cell infiltration (the inflammatory cell infiltration is sparse and restricted to the region of the marginal gingiva), preserved alveolar process and cementum; 1, moderate cell infiltration (the inflammatory cell infiltration is present over the entire inserted gingiva), minor alveolar process resorption and intact cementum; 2, severe cell infiltration (the inflammatory cell infiltration is present in both the gingivae and the periodontal ligament), extensive degradation of the alveolar process, and partial destruction of cementum; 3, severe cell infiltration, total destruction of the alveolar process and severe destruction of the cementum (24).…”

Section: Histopathological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of etoricoxib and indomethacin for the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats

Azoubel¹,

Menezes²,

Bezerra³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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We investigated the effect of etoricoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on experimental periodontitis, and compared their gastrointestinal side effects. A ligature was placed around the second upper left molars of female Wistar rats (160 to 200 g). Animals (6 per group) were treated daily with oral doses of 3 or 9 mg/kg etoricoxib, 5 mg/kg indomethacin, or 0.2 mL saline, starting 5 days after the induction of periodontitis, when bone resorption was detected, until the sacrifice on the 11th day. The weight and survival rate were monitored. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was measured as the sum of distances between the cusp tips and the alveolar bone. The gastric mucosa was examined macroscopically and the periodontium and gastric and intestinal mucosa were examined by histopathology. The ongoing ABL was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by 3 and 9 mg/kg etoricoxib and by indomethacin: control = 4.08 ± 0.47 mm; etoricoxib (3 mg/kg) = 1.89 ± 0.26 mm; etoricoxib (9 mg/kg) = 1.02 ± 0.14 mm; indomethacin = 0.64 ± 0.15 mm. Histopathology of periodontium showed that etoricoxib and indomethacin reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, ABL, and cementum and collagen fiber destruction. Macroscopic and histopathological analysis of gastric and intestinal mucosa demonstrated that etoricoxib induces less damage than indomethacin. Animals that received indomethacin presented weight loss starting on the 7th day, and higher mortality rate (58.3%) compared to etoricoxib (0%). Treatment with etoricoxib, even starting when ABL is detected, reduces inflammation and cementum and bone resorption, with fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

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Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Prevents Alveolar Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

Abstract: These data provide evidence that NOS inhibitors prevent inflammatory bone resorption in experimental periodontitis.

Cited by 100 publications

References 42 publications

Nitric oxide levels in saliva increase with severity of chronic periodontitis

Nitric oxide levels in saliva increase with severity of chronic periodontitis

Orthodontic mechanotransduction and the role of the P2X7 receptor

Comparison of etoricoxib and indomethacin for the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats

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