Comparison of etoricoxib and indomethacin for the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats

Abstract

We investigated the effect of etoricoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on experimental periodontitis, and compared their gastrointestinal side effects. A ligature was placed around the second upper left molars of female Wistar rats (160 to 200 g). Animals (6 per group) were treated daily with oral doses of 3 or 9 mg/kg etoricoxib, 5 mg/kg indomethacin, or 0.2 mL saline, starting 5 days after the induction of periodontitis, when bone resorption was detected, until the sacrifice on the 11th day. The weight and survival rate were monitored. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was measured as the sum of distances between the cusp tips and the alveolar bone. The gastric mucosa was examined macroscopically and the periodontium and gastric and intestinal mucosa were examined by histopathology. The ongoing ABL was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by 3 and 9 mg/kg etoricoxib and by indomethacin: control = 4.08 ± 0.47 mm; etoricoxib (3 mg/kg) = 1.89 ± 0.26 mm; etoricoxib (9 mg/kg) = 1.02 ± 0.14 mm; indomethacin = 0.64 ± 0.15 mm. Histopathology of periodontium showed that etoricoxib and indomethacin reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, ABL, and cementum and collagen fiber destruction. Macroscopic and histopathological analysis of gastric and intestinal mucosa demonstrated that etoricoxib induces less damage than indomethacin. Animals that received indomethacin presented weight loss starting on the 7th day, and higher mortality rate (58.3%) compared to etoricoxib (0%). Treatment with etoricoxib, even starting when ABL is detected, reduces inflammation and cementum and bone resorption, with fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

Periodontitis increases vascular cyclooxygenase‐2: potential effect on vascular tone

“…Thus, when treatment is started later, bone loss is no longer affected. In contrast to what has been suggested by other studies , we found that selective inhibition of COX‐2 has a limitation in the treatment of alveolar bone loss induced by periodontitis.…”

Treatment with paracetamol, ketorolac or etoricoxib did not hinder alveolar bone healing: a histometric study in rats

“…In the same dose as that used in the present study, it can control hiperalgesia 26 and reduce bone loss in periodontal disease 1 , in rats. In 2008, the Brazilian Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) suspended commercialization of 120 mg pills of etoricoxib, but allowed the sale of 60 and 90 mg pills provided the retention of medical prescription and inclusion of adverse effects warning in the bulla were done.…”

Micro-computerized tomography analysis of alveolar bone loss in ligature- and nicotine-induced experimental periodontitis in rats

“…Under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital, 36 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated as follows: silk ligatures (no. 3‐0; Golden Circle Medical Limited Corporation, Shanghai, China) were tied around the cervixes of the right second maxillary molar, while the contralateral tooth was untreated (19). Subsequently, the animals were randomly divided into three groups (12 animals per group).…”