Nitric Oxide Involvement in<i>Hydra vulgaris</i>Very Primitive Olfactory-Like System

Colasanti, Marco; Venturini, Giorgio; Merante, Angelo; Musci, Giovanni; Lauro, Giuliana M.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-01-00493.1997

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As in Drosophila (Osborne et al, 1997) and the honey bee (Ben-Shahar et al, 2002), cGMP signaling is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior in molluscs (Della-Fera et al, 1981;Elphick et al, 1995), hydra (Colasanti et al, 1997), and C. elegans (Stansberry et al, 2001;Fujiwara et al, 2002;L'Etoile et al, 2002). In most of these cases the influences on feeding are mediated by effects on chemosensation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cGMP-dependent changes in phototaxis: a possible role for the foraging gene in honey bee division of labor

Ben‐Shahar

Leung

Pak

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

161

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SUMMARY Division of labor in honey bee colonies is influenced by the foraging gene (Amfor), which encodes a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Amfor upregulation in the bee brain is associated with the age-related transition from working in the hive to foraging for food outside, and cGMP treatment (which increases PKG activity)causes precocious foraging. We present two lines of evidence in support of the hypothesis that Amfor affects division of labor by modulating phototaxis. We first show that a subset of worker bees involved in the removal of corpses from the hive had forager-like brain levels of Amfor brain expression despite being middle aged; age-matched food-handlers, who do not leave the hive to perform their job, had low levels of Amforexpression. This finding suggests that occupations that involve working outside the hive are associated with high levels of Amfor in brain. Secondly, foragers were much more positively phototactic than hive bees in a laboratory assay, and cGMP treatment caused a precocious onset of positive phototaxis. The cGMP effect was not due to a general increase in behavioral activity; cGMP treatment had no effect on locomotor activity under either constant darkness or a light:dark regime. The cGMP effect also was not due to changes in circadian rhythmicity; cGMP treatment had no effect on age at onset of locomotor circadian rhythmicity or the period of rhythmicity. The effects of Amfor on phototaxis are not related to peripheral processing;electroretinogram analysis revealed no effect of cGMP treatment on photoreceptor activity and no differences between untreated hive bees and foragers. The cAMP/PKA pathway does not appear to be playing a similar role to cGMP/PKG in the honey bee; cAMP treatment did not affect phototaxis and gene expression analysis revealed task-related differences only for the gene encoding the regulatory subunit, but not the catalytic subunit, of PKA. Our findings implicate one neural process associated with honey bee division of labor that can be affected by naturally occurring changes in the expression of Amfor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cGMP-dependent changes in phototaxis: a possible role for the foraging gene in honey bee division of labor

Ben‐Shahar

Leung

Pak

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

161

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“…Recently, calcium and potassium channels were characterised in jellyfish with functional features similar to those measured in vertebrate counterparts Jeziorski et al (1999), Grigoriev et al (1999), while GABAreceptors were pharmacologically identified Pierobon et al (2001). Neurotransmitters like glycine Pierobon et al (2001), nitric oxide Colasanti et al (1997), endocannabinoid De Petrocellis et al (1999 and glutamate Bellis et al (1991) are likely playing a physiological role in the feeding response.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 91%

Neuronal evolution: analysis of regulatory genes in a first-evolved nervous system, the hydra nervous system

2004

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Cnidarians represent the first animal phylum with an organized nervous system and a complex active behavior. The hydra nervous system is formed of sensory-motoneurons, ganglia neurons and mechanoreceptor cells named nematocytes, which all differentiate from a common stem cell. The neurons are organized as a nerve net and a subset of neurons participate in a more complex structure, the nerve ring that was identified in most cnidarian species at the base of the tentacles. In order to better understand the genetic control of this neuronal network, we analysed the expression of evolutionarily-conserved regulatory genes in the hydra nervous system. The PRD-CLASS homeogene, prdl-b, and the nuclear orphan receptor, hyCOUP-TF, are expressed at strong levels in proliferating nematoblasts, a lineage where they were found repressed during patterning and morphogenesis, and at low levels in distinct subsets of neurons. Interestingly, PRD-CLASS homeobox and COUP-TF genes are also expressed during neurogenesis in bilaterians, suggesting that mechanoreceptor and neuronal cells derive from a common ancestral cell. Moreover, the PRD-CLASS homeobox gene prdl-a, the ANTP-CLASS homeobox gene msh, and the thrombospondin-related gene TSP1, which are expressed in distinct subset of neurons in the adult polyp, are also expressed during early budding and/or head regeneration. These data strengthen the fact that two distinct regulations, one for neurogenesis and another for patterning, already apply to these regulatory genes, a feature also identified in bilaterian related-genes.

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“…Dopamine increases cAMP levels, prolonging duration of the response to GSH (Venturini and Carolei, 1992). Elevated nitric oxide (NO)-induced cGMP levels are able to trigger inhibition of the response to GSH, presumably via cGMP-activated protein kinases (Colasanti et al, 1997). A widespread distribution of NADPH-diaphorase reactivity, a marker of NO synthase, was found in nerves of the body column but not of tentacles of Hydra vulgaris (Cristino et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Hydra Feeding Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Pierobon

2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Cnidarians lack well developed organs, but they have evolved the molecular and cellular components needed to assemble a nervous system. The apparent 'simplicity' of the cnidarian nervous net does not occur at the cellular level, but rather in the organisation of conducting systems. Cnidarian neurons are in fact electrically excitable, show the typical extended morphology and are connected by chemical synapses or gap junctions. They have been regarded as peptidergic, given the wealth of neuropeptides generally distributed along neurites and in cell bodies, supporting the hypothesis of a modulatory role in neurotransmission. However, the presence of clear-cored, as well as dense-cored synaptic vesicles in cnidarian neurons suggests both fast and slow synaptic transmission mechanisms. In fact, biochemical and functional evidence indicates that classical neurotransmitters and their metabolic partners are present in cnidarian tissues, where they are involved in coordinating motility and behavior. We have identified and characterized in Hydra tissues receptors to the inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, GABA, glycine and NMDA, that are similar to mammalian ionotropic receptors in terms of their biochemical and pharmacological properties. These receptors appear to regulate pacemaker activities and their physiological correlates; in the live animal, they also affect feeding behavior, namely the duration and termination of the response elicited by reduced glutathione, with opposite actions of GABA and glycine or NMDA, respectively. These results suggest that modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated-ion channels is an ancient characteristic in the animal kingdom, and that the pharmacological properties of these receptors have been highly conserved during evolution.

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Nitric Oxide Involvement inHydra vulgarisVery Primitive Olfactory-Like System

Cited by 56 publications

References 30 publications

cGMP-dependent changes in phototaxis: a possible role for the foraging gene in honey bee division of labor

cGMP-dependent changes in phototaxis: a possible role for the foraging gene in honey bee division of labor

Neuronal evolution: analysis of regulatory genes in a first-evolved nervous system, the hydra nervous system

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

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