Nitric oxide effect on root architecture development in Malus seedlings

Abstract

The time-dependent production of nitric oxide (NO) in roots induced by indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on root architecture development were investigated, using Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. Following IBA application, a very rapid increase in NO formation and a subsequent second wave of NO burst was observed, which was related to the induction of lateral roots (LRs) and the organogenesis of lateral root primordia (LRP), respectively. The first NO burst was correlated with the second and the two peaks of NO burst induced by IBA were totally abolished by 3,3' ,4' ,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin). Exogenous NO promoted the emergence and elongation of LR and inhibited the elongation of primary root (PR) in a dose-dependent manner: low concentrations of SNP promoted both the amounts and the elongation of LR but inhibited the elongation of LR and PR at higher concentrations. It was concluded that (i) the rapid production of NO induced by IBA was correlated with the IBA-induced initiation of LR; (ii) quercetin inhibition of IBA-induced LR formation was correlated with the quercetin inhibition of IBA-induced NO biosynthesis, and (iii) exogenous NO affects the development of root system architecture in a dose-dependent manner.

Quercetin-mediated changes in biochemical pathways to omit stress in plants

“…4). In M. hupehensis , quercetin application was observed to retard the indole 3-butyric acid-induced NO production (Gao & Yang, 2011). Quercetin is a well-known auxin inhibitor, so their exogenous treatment was restricted to auxin transportation (Imin, Nizamidin, Wu, & Rolfe, 2007).…”

“…Quercetin is a well-known auxin inhibitor, so their exogenous treatment was restricted to auxin transportation (Imin, Nizamidin, Wu, & Rolfe, 2007). The researchers argued that the transport inhibition could be helpful for the plant, as high localized auxin content may be necessary for the establishment of root primordial (Gao & Yang, 2011). Quercetin may work as a protein kinase inhibitor (Pan et al, 2005), ATPase inhibitor (Takahashi, Sert, Kelmer-Bracht, Bracht, & Ishii-Iwamoto, 1998), and electron transport inhibitor (Moreland & Novitzky, 1987).…”

The role of quercetin in plants

“…Earlier in vitro research of Ylstra et al (1992) using quercetin depicted its promotive role in the development, germination, and growth of pollen tubes. In M. hupehensis , quercetin application was observed to retard the indole 3-butyric acid-induced NO production (Gao & Yang, 2011). Quercetin is a well-known auxin inhibitor, so their exogenous treatment was restricted to auxin transportation (Imin, Nizamidin, Wu, & Rolfe, 2007).…”

“…Quercetin is a well-known auxin inhibitor, so their exogenous treatment was restricted to auxin transportation (Imin, Nizamidin, Wu, & Rolfe, 2007). The researchers argued that the transport inhibition could be helpful for the plant, as high localized auxin content might be necessary to establish root primordial (Gao & Yang, 2011). Quercetin may work as a protein kinase inhibitor (Pan et al, 2005), ATPase inhibitor (Takahashi, Sert, Kelmer-Bracht, Bracht, & Ishii-Iwamoto, 1998), and electron transport inhibitor (Moreland & Novitzky, 1987).…”