Nitration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed to different carriers in a fluidized bed reactor

Ramdahl, Thomas; Bjørseth, Alf; Lokensgard, David M.; Pitts, James N.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(84)90148-6

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Note that path A predicts the formation of HNO 2 in its first step, and HNO 2 could be easily oxidised to NO (13) where β = k 10 Figure 1 and it is in good agreement with the experimental data (R 2 = 0.97).…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…Solution to be irradiated (5 mL) were placed in cylindrical 10 Pyrex glass cells (4 Einstein L −1 s −1 . The lamp was chosen to achieve excitation of nitrate that absorbs radiation in the UVB region.…”

Section: Irradiation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, even in the presence of a lower energy barrier that could be afforded by another H-abstracting reactant, Path B would be considerably more difficult than A. 10 Another interesting issue is that 6 is quite likely to give back 1 because the corresponding process is barrierless. In contrast, in Path A, the back transformation of 2 into 1 would be made more difficult by an energy barrier, thereby enabling the process to also proceed toward 5.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Theoretical and experimental evidence of the photonitration pathway of phenol and 4-chlorophenol: A mechanistic study of environmental significance

Bedini

Maurino

Minero

et al. 2012

Photochem Photobiol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Irradiation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Theoretical and experimental evidence of the photonitration pathway of phenol and 4-chlorophenol: A mechanistic study of environmental significance

Bedini

Maurino

Minero

et al. 2012

Photochem Photobiol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…• OH + • NO 2 , gas-phase night-time nitration by • NO 3 + • NO 2 , and condensed-phase nitration processes (in the presence of HNO 3 , nitrogen dioxide, nitrate, and nitrite) [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. Our research group has detected for the first time the nitro-PAHs in Antarctic particulate matter during the austral summer, thus giving additional evidence of their global distribution [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…1-Nitropyrene is formed upon electrophilic nitration of pyrene [7], which can undergo partitioning to airborne particulate matter in the Antarctic summer climate (k H ⊗ ≈ 80 mol L −1 atm −1 ). The sporadic detection of 1-nitropyrene can be accounted for by its concentration values, considerably lower than those of 9NA [13].…”

Section: -Nitroanthracenementioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of possible processes able to account for the occurrence of nitro-PAHs in Antarctic particulate matter

Minero

Maurino

Borghesi

et al. 2010

Microchemical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper gives an overview of the processes that can account for the occurrence of mononitroPAHs (1-nitronaphthalene -1NN-, 2-nitronaphthalene -2NN-, 9-nitroanthracene) in the Antarctic particulate matter. Long-range transport of these compounds from the continents to the Antarctica seems an unlikely possibility given the photolability of 1NN and 2NN. The alternative possibility is that nitration takes place in situ. The nitration of naphthalene is very likely to occur in the gas phase, because the parent compound is too volatile to be present in particulate matter, even at the low temperatures of the Antarctic summer near the coast. In contrast, the volatility of anthracene is sufficiently low under such conditions to allow this compound to be present in particles at a significant concentration. The field data on nitronaphthalene ratios, together with an evaluation of their removal rates, indicate that the gas-phase nitration of naphthalene is more likely to be initiated by• NO 3 + • NO 2 (yielding 1NN:2NN ≈ 2.5:1) than byNitronaphthalenes, less volatile than the parent compound, can then be found in particulate matter.In contrast, the occurrence of 9-nitroanthracene could be consistent with an electrophilic, condensed-phase nitration process.

show abstract

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere: Monitoring, Sources, Sinks and Fate. II: Sinks and Fate

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews the transformation processes that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) undergo in the atmosphere. These processes can take place both in the gas phase and in the particulate/aerosol one. Among the gas-phase processes, the most important ones are the daytime reaction with *OH and the nighttime reaction with *NO3. The relative importance of the two processes depends on the particular PAH molecule. For instance, gaseous naphthalene is mainly removed from the atmosphere upon reaction with *OH, while gaseous phenanthrene is mainly removed by reaction with *NO3. Oxy-, hydroxy-, and nitro-PAHs are the main transformation intermediates. Reaction with ozone and photolysis play a secondary role in the transformation of gaseous PAHs. The particle-associated processes are usually slower than the gas-phase ones, thus the gas-phase PAHs usually have shorter atmospheric lifetimes than those found on particulate. Due to the higher residence time on particulate when compared with the gas phase, direct or assisted photolysis plays a relevant role in the transformation of particle-associated PAHs. Among the other processes taking place in the condensed phase, nitration plays a very important role due to the health impact of nitro-PAHs, some of them being the most powerful mutagens found so far in atmospheric particulate extracts.

show abstract

Nitration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed to different carriers in a fluidized bed reactor

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

Theoretical and experimental evidence of the photonitration pathway of phenol and 4-chlorophenol: A mechanistic study of environmental significance

Theoretical and experimental evidence of the photonitration pathway of phenol and 4-chlorophenol: A mechanistic study of environmental significance

An overview of possible processes able to account for the occurrence of nitro-PAHs in Antarctic particulate matter

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere: Monitoring, Sources, Sinks and Fate. II: Sinks and Fate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About