Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere: Monitoring, Sources, Sinks and Fate. II: Sinks and Fate

Vione, Davide; Barra, Silvia; Gennaro, Gianluigi de; Rienzo, Massimo de; Gilardoni, Stefania; Perrone, Maria Grazia; Pozzoli, Luca

doi:10.1002/adic.200490031

Cited by 110 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…However, little is known about point (v)b. While photolysis plays a secondary role in the transformation of gaseous PAHs and the particle-associated processes are usually slower than the gasphase ones, direct or assisted photolysis plays nevertheless a relevant role in the transformation of particle-associated PAHs, given the longer atmospheric lifetimes of particulate PAHs (Vione et al, 2004).…”

Section: Atmospheric Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusivity measurements of volatile organics in levitated viscous aerosol particles

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Field measurements indicating that atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can be present in a highly viscous, glassy state have spurred numerous studies addressing low diffusivities of water in glassy aerosols. The focus of these studies is on kinetic limitations of hygroscopic growth and the plasticizing effect of water. In contrast, much less is known about diffusion limitations of organic molecules and oxidants in viscous matrices. These may affect atmospheric chemistry and gas-particle partitioning of complex mixtures with constituents of different volatility. In this study, we quantify the diffusivity of a volatile organic in a viscous matrix. Evaporation of single particles generated from an aqueous solution of sucrose and small amounts of volatile tetraethylene glycol (PEG-4) is investigated in an electrodynamic balance at controlled relative humidity (RH) and temperature. The evaporative loss of PEG-4 as determined by Mie resonance spectroscopy is used in conjunction with a radially resolved diffusion model to retrieve translational diffusion coefficients of PEG-4. Comparison of the experimentally derived diffusivities with viscosity estimates for the ternary system reveals a breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relationship, which has often been invoked to infer diffusivity from viscosity. The evaporation of PEG-4 shows pronounced RH and temperature dependencies and is severely depressed for RH 30 %, corresponding to diffusivities < 10 −14 cm 2 s −1 at temperatures < 15 • C. The temperature dependence is strong, suggesting a diffusion activation energy of about 300 kJ mol −1 . We conclude that atmospheric volatile organic compounds can be subject to severe diffusion limitations in viscous organic aerosol particles. This may enable an important long-range transport mechanism for organic material, including pollutant molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

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Section: Atmospheric Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusivity measurements of volatile organics in levitated viscous aerosol particles

et al. 2017

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“…In particular, the exposure to finer particles can cause short and long-term effects such as increased respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function, alterations in tissue and structure lung, in respiratory tract and premature death (Prieditis et al, 2002, Damek-Poprawa, 2003, Wahab et al, 2004, Huang and Ghio, 2006, Ahumada et al, 2007, Huang et al, 2007, Magas et al, 2007, Wild et al, 2009, Liuzzi et al, 2011. Moreover, near industrial areas, where elements and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are strongly associated with fine particles, increased toxicity and PM carcinogenicity have been determined (Bruno et al, 2002;Caselli et al, 2003;Pozzoli et al, 2004;Vione et al, 2004;Dvorskà et al, 2011;Castro-Jiménez et al, 2012;Tobiszewski and Namiesnik, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How a Steel Plant Affects Air Quality of a Nearby Urban Area: A Study on Metals and PAH Concentrations

Amodio

Andriani

Gennaro

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Taranto (in the Apulia Region of southern Italy) has been included in a list of the most polluted sites of national interest because of its large industrial area that is situated near the urban centre. The impact of this on urban air quality has been evaluated by monitoring PM 2.5 and PM 10 at the industrial site of 'via Orsini' and the urban station of 'via Dante'. At both sites, the temporal distribution and chemical composition of PM, in terms of PAHs and element concentrations, were used to characterize the air quality in the urban area and to deduce the possible and theoretical carcinogenic indices, and thus the impact on human health. High PM concentrations were found to be caused by wind coming from the north (industrial area), and during days when the wind was from this direction the PAH and elemental concentrations (such as iron, manganese and zinc) were the highest of the sampling period. These data confirm the impact of this industrial area, in particular its steel plant activities, on urban air quality in Taranto. In order to determine the source contributions to PM levels at the two investigated sites, Principal Component Analysis was applied to the collected data. Statistical investigations also included PAH and elemental concentrations determined at two other sites in Apulia Region, characterized by traffic and biomass burning sources. These investigations made it possible to distinguish the samples collected in via Dante and via Orsini from those collected at the two other sites, confirming the effects of industrial activities on urban air quality in Taranto.

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“…Three-to four-ring PAHs are semi-volatile and these compounds partition between the gas and solid phases in the atmosphere (Sitaras et al, 2004). Five and more rings PAHs tend to be mainly associated with particles having size <1 mm (Kahan et al, 2006;Gross and Bertram, 2008;Pitts et al, 1980;Vione et al, 2004). These pollutants have received considerable research attention since they have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans (Pitts et al, 1980;Kou et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone

Zhang

Yang

Meng

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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a b s t r a c tThe reactions of gas-phase phenanthrene and suspended phenanthrene particles with ozone were conducted in a 200l chamber. The secondary organic aerosol formation was observed in the reaction of gas-phase phenanthrene with ozone and simultaneously the size distribution of the secondary organic aerosol was monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer during the formation process. The particulate ozonation products from both reactions were analyzed with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer. 2,2 0 -Diformylbiphenyl was identified as the dominant product in both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone. GC/MS analysis of ozonation products of phenanthrene in glacial acetic acid was carried out for assigning time-of-flight mass spectra of reaction products formed in the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere: Monitoring, Sources, Sinks and Fate. II: Sinks and Fate

Cited by 110 publications

References 91 publications

Diffusivity measurements of volatile organics in levitated viscous aerosol particles

Diffusivity measurements of volatile organics in levitated viscous aerosol particles

How a Steel Plant Affects Air Quality of a Nearby Urban Area: A Study on Metals and PAH Concentrations

Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone

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