Nitrate Treatment Methods: An Overview

Dahab, Mohamed F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76040-2_26

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It also must be affordable as peatland forestry typically operates with low profit margins. In chemical and water engineering, there are several methods for water purification [22,[25][26][27][28] based especially on adsorption that aim to eliminate both organic and inorganic pollutants [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Forest Clear-Cut Runoff Water Using Biochar: A Meso-Scale Laboratory Column Experiment

Lafdani

Saarela

Laurén

et al. 2020

Water

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Biochar can be an effective sorbent material for removal of nutrients from water due to its high specific surface area, porous structure, and high cation and anion exchange capacity. The aim of this study was to test a biochar reactor and to evaluate its efficiency in runoff water purification and consecutive nutrient recycling in clear-cut peatland forests. The goodness of the method was tested in a meso-scale (water volume thousands of liters) reactor experiment by circulating runoff water through wood biochar-filled columns and by determining water nutrient concentrations in the column inlet and outlet. The pseudo-first and second order kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data and the adsorption rate (Kad) and maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of the biochar reactor were quantified. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN) decreased by 58% during the 8-week experiment; the majority of TN adsorption occurred within the first 3 days. In addition, NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations decreased below the detection limit in 5 days after the beginning of the experiment. The maximum adsorption capacity of the biochar reactor varied between 0.03–0.04 mg g−1 biochar for NH4-N, and was equal to 0.02 mg g−1 biochar for TN. The results demonstrated that the biochar reactor was not able to adsorb TN when the water TN concentration was below 0.4 mg L−1. These results suggest that a biochar reactor can be a useful and effective method for runoff water purification in clear-cut forests and further development and testing is warranted. Unlike traditional water protection methods in peatland forestry, the biochar reactor can effectively remove NO3-N from water. This makes the biochar reactor a promising water protection tool to be tested in sites where there is the risk of a high rate of nutrient export after forest harvesting or drainage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Forest Clear-Cut Runoff Water Using Biochar: A Meso-Scale Laboratory Column Experiment

Lafdani

Saarela

Laurén

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Of several nitrate treatment alternatives (such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and biological denitrification), the ion-exchange process was selected because the suitability of the process has been proven and demonstrated (Guter and Kartinen, 1989), and the ground water has a sulfate level of 14 mgfL and a total dissolved-solid level of 400 mg/L. If the water is low in concentrations of sulfate and total dissolvedsolids, as in the case of Creighton, the ion-exchange technique for nitrate removal is practical and economical (Dahab, 1991).…”

Section: Development Of Risk-management Strategies For Creightonmentioning

confidence: 99%

FUZZY DECISION MAKING IN GROUND WATER NITRATE RISK MANAGEMENT¹

Lee¹,

Dahab²,

Bogardi

1994

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Ground water nitrate contamination is widespread in the United States and especially prevalent in agriculture‐intensive areas such as the Midwest. To reduce human health risks (i.e., methemoglobinemia and cancer risks) from nitrates in ground water supplies, several nitrate risk‐management strategies can be developed based on acceptable levels of human health risks, the reasonableness of the cost required for risk reduction, and the technical feasibility of nitrate‐control methods. However, due to a lack of available information, assessing risk, cost, and technical feasibility contains elements of uncertainty. In this paper, a nitrate risk‐management methodology using fuzzy sets in combination with a multicriterion decision‐making (MCDM) technique is developed to assist decision makers in evaluating, with uncertain information, possible regulatory actions along with the various nitrate risk‐management strategies in order to determine an appropriate strategy. The methodology is illustrated using data from a community with a nitrate water‐quality problem.

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“…However, these processes are energy intensive 22 , not effective in effluent streams that harbor conditions unsuitable for microbial growth 3,23 , and have not been optimized for resource recovery 12 . Ion-exchange 5,24,25 , electrodialysis 26,27 , and reverse osmosis 28,29 are used to treat nitrates (and other ions) at an industrial scale for drinking water applications, but result in the production of a secondary nitrateconcentrated brine that requires further treatment 30 . Hence, there is an increasing demand to develop wastewater treatment technologies to harness renewable energy, to be effective for a wide range of effluent stream conditions and to facilitate resource recovery in the form of nutrients and energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Photoelectrochemistry for Wastewater Nitrate Treatment Coupled with Resource Recovery

Barrera

Chandran

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Wastewater is a misplaced resource well suited to recover nutrients, value-added chemicals, energy, and clean water. A photoelectrochemical device is proposed to transform wastewater nitrates to ammonia and nitrous oxide, coupled with water oxidation. Numerical models were developed to quantify the dependence of process efficiencies and nitrogen-removal rates on light absorber band gaps, electrocatalytic kinetic parameters, competing oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions, and the reacting nitrate species concentrations that affect the mass-transfer limited current densities. With a single light-absorber and state-of-the-art catalysts, optimal solar-to-chemical efficiencies of 7% and 10% and nitrogen-removal rates of 260 and 395 gN m -2 day -1 are predicted for nitrate reduction to ammonia and nitrous oxide respectively. The influence of competing reactions on the performance depends on the nitrate concentration and band gap of the light absorber modeled. Oxygen reduction is more dominant than hydrogen evolution to compete with the nitrate reduction reaction, but is mass-transfer limited. Even with kinetic parameters that enhanced the driving forces for the competing reactions, the performance is only minimally affected by these reactions for optimally selected band gaps and nitrate concentrations larger than 100 mM. Theoretically predicted peak nitrogen removal rates and specific energy intensities are competitive with reported estimates for bioelectrochemical and Sharon-Anammox processes for ammonia recovery and nitrogen removal respectively. This result, together with the added benefit of harnessing sunlight to produce value-added products, indicates promise in the photoelectrochemical approach as a tertiary pathway to recover nutrients and energy from wastewater nitrates.

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Nitrate Treatment Methods: An Overview

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Purification of Forest Clear-Cut Runoff Water Using Biochar: A Meso-Scale Laboratory Column Experiment

Purification of Forest Clear-Cut Runoff Water Using Biochar: A Meso-Scale Laboratory Column Experiment

FUZZY DECISION MAKING IN GROUND WATER NITRATE RISK MANAGEMENT¹

Harnessing Photoelectrochemistry for Wastewater Nitrate Treatment Coupled with Resource Recovery

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Nitrate Treatment Methods: An Overview

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Purification of Forest Clear-Cut Runoff Water Using Biochar: A Meso-Scale Laboratory Column Experiment

Purification of Forest Clear-Cut Runoff Water Using Biochar: A Meso-Scale Laboratory Column Experiment

FUZZY DECISION MAKING IN GROUND WATER NITRATE RISK MANAGEMENT1

Harnessing Photoelectrochemistry for Wastewater Nitrate Treatment Coupled with Resource Recovery

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Product

Resources

About

FUZZY DECISION MAKING IN GROUND WATER NITRATE RISK MANAGEMENT¹