Nitrate reductases: Structure, functions, and effect of stress factors

Морозкина, Е. В.; Zvyagilskaya, R. A.

doi:10.1134/s0006297907100124

Cited by 82 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Nitrate reduction has three fundamental roles: (1) utilization as a nitrogen source (nitrate assimilation); (2) maintenance of oxidation-reduction balance (nitrate dissimilation), and (3) utilization as a terminal electron acceptor (nitrate respiration). 39 In-depth analysis of nitrate/nitrite respiration regulation in B. subtilis revealed the ability of the bacterium to convert nitrate or nitrite to ammonium when grown aerobically. 40 The conversion of these nitrogen sources to ammonium is catalyzed by assimilatory nitrate and nitrate reductases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role ofluxSinBacillus anthracisgrowth and virulence factor expression

Jones¹,

Peterson²,

Benn³

et al. 2010

Virulence

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role ofluxSinBacillus anthracisgrowth and virulence factor expression

Jones¹,

Peterson²,

Benn³

et al. 2010

Virulence

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“…Dissimilatory nitrate reducers also possess nitrate reductases, most of which are encoded by narGHI (45). Thus, denitrifiers and dissimilatory nitrate reducers can be evaluated by analyzing narG (11,14,20,26,46,49), whereas only denitrifiers are targeted by analyzing nosZ (30,52,58,65,66,67,76).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Earthworm Feeding Guilds on Ingested Dissimilatory Nitrate Reducers and Denitrifiers in the Alimentary Canal of the Earthworm

Depkat-Jakob

Hilgarth

Horn

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The earthworm gut is an anoxic nitrous oxide (N 2 O)-emitting microzone in aerated soils. In situ conditions of the gut might stimulate ingested nitrate-reducing soil bacteria linked to this emission. The objective of this study was to determine if dissimilatory nitrate reducers and denitrifiers in the alimentary canal were affected by feeding guilds (epigeic [Lumbricus rubellus], anecic [Lumbricus terrestris], and endogeic [Aporrectodea caliginosa]). Genes and gene transcripts of narG (encodes a subunit of nitrate reductase and targets both dissimilatory nitrate reducers and denitrifiers) and nosZ (encodes a subunit of N 2 O reductase and targets denitrifiers) were detected in guts and soils. Gut-derived sequences were similar to those of cultured and uncultured soil bacteria and to soil-derived sequences obtained in this study. Gut-derived narG sequences and narG terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) were affiliated mainly with Gram-positive organisms (Actinobacteria). The majority of gut-and uppermost-soil-derived narG transcripts were affiliated with Mycobacterium (Actinobacteria). In contrast, narG sequences indicative of Gram-negative organisms (Proteobacteria) were dominant in mineral soil. Most nosZ sequences and nosZ TRFs were affiliated with Bradyrhizobium (Alphaproteobacteria) and uncultured soil bacteria. TRF profiles indicated that nosZ transcripts were more affected by earthworm feeding guilds than were nosZ genes, whereas narG transcripts were less affected by earthworm feeding guilds than were narG genes. narG and nosZ transcripts were different and less diverse in the earthworm gut than in mineral soil. The collective results indicate that dissimilatory nitrate reducers and denitrifiers in the earthworm gut are soil derived and that ingested narG-and nosZ-containing taxa were not uniformly stimulated in the guts of worms from different feeding guilds.

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“…The characteristics of NR from various algae belonging to different thermal habitat showed a wide range of temperature adaptation (Di Martino Rigano et al 2006). It is reported that the active centre of the enzyme gets structurally altered to shift the enzyme activity optimum to the region of higher temperatures and increased the thermal stability of the NR (Morozkina and Zvyagilskaya 2007). Decreased enzyme activity at lower temperature may be due to the fact that the affinity for the substrate is greatly decreased at lower temperature (Reay et al 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytomorphological and nitrogen metabolic enzyme analysis of psychrophilic and mesophilic Nostoc sp.: a comparative outlook

et al. 2017

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Cyanobacterial diazotrophs play a significant role in environmental nitrogen economy despite their habitat either tropical or polar. However, the phenomenon by which it copes with temperature induced stress is poorly understood. Temperature response study of psychrophilic and mesophilic Nostoc strains explores their adaptive mechanisms. The selected psychrophilic and mesophilic strains were confirmed as Nostoc punctiforme and Nostoc calcicola respectively, by ultrastructure and 16S rDNA phylogeny. The psychrophilic strain has extensive glycolipid and polysaccharide sheath along with characteristic deposition of cyanophycin, polyhydroxybutyrate granules, and carboxysomes. This is possibly an adaptive strategy exhibited to withstand the freezing temperature and high intense of ultraviolet rays. The biomass measured in terms of dry weight, protein, and chlorophyll indicated a temperature dependant shift in both the psychrophilic and mesophilic strains and attained maximum growth in their respective temperature niches. At low temperature, psychrophilic organism exhibited nitrogenase activity, while mesophilic strains did not. The maximum glutamine synthetase activity was observed at 4°C for psychrophilic and 37°C for mesophilic strains. Activity at 4°C in psychrophilic strains revealed their energetic mechanism even at low temperature. The nitrate and nitrite reductase of both psychrophilic and mesophilic strains showed maximum activity at 37°C denoting their similar nitrogen assimilating mechanisms for combined nitrogen utilization. The activity studies of nitrogen fixation/assimilation enzymes have differential effects at varying temperatures, which provide valuable insights of physiological contribution and role of Nostoc strains in the biological nitrogen cycle.

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Nitrate reductases: Structure, functions, and effect of stress factors

Cited by 82 publications

References 114 publications

Role ofluxSinBacillus anthracisgrowth and virulence factor expression

Role ofluxSinBacillus anthracisgrowth and virulence factor expression

Effect of Earthworm Feeding Guilds on Ingested Dissimilatory Nitrate Reducers and Denitrifiers in the Alimentary Canal of the Earthworm

Cytomorphological and nitrogen metabolic enzyme analysis of psychrophilic and mesophilic Nostoc sp.: a comparative outlook

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