Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in relation to growth and nitrogen assimilation in red oak and red ash seedlings: effects of N-forms, N concentration and light intensity

Truax, Benoît; Gagnon, Daniel; Chevrier, Normand

doi:10.1007/bf00197864

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These observations are consistent with the particular ability of the clone DxN-3570 to increase its NRA in riparian environments with high NO 3 − availability, as observed at Bromptonville (Tables 1 and 3, Figure 4). High leaf NRA in response to a high NO 3 − : NH 4 + ratio in soils has also been reported in red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), a common early succession species of rich alluvial bottomlands [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Clone-Specific Response in Leaf Nitrate Reductase Activity among Unrelated Hybrid Poplars in relation to Soil Nitrate Availability

Fortier¹,

Truax²,

Gagnon³

et al. 2012

International Journal of Forestry Research

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In this field study, we used in vivo NRA activity in hybrid poplar leaves as an indicator of NO 3 − assimilation for five unrelated hybrid poplar clones. We also examined if leaf NRA of these clones is influenced to the same extent by different levels of soil NO 3 − availability in two riparian agroforestry systems located in pastures. Leaf NRA differences of more than one order of magnitude were observed between the clones, clearly showing their different abilities to reduce NO 3 − in leaves. Clone DxN-3570, a P. deltoides x P. nigra hybrid (Aigeiros intrasectional hybrid), always had the highest leaf NRA during the field assays. This clone was also the only one to increase its leaf NRA with increasing NO 3 − soil availability, which resulted in a significant Site x Clone interaction and a positive relationship between soil NO 3 − concentration and NRA. All of the four other clones studied had one or both parental species from the Tacamahaca section. They had relatively low leaf NRA and they did not increase their leaf NRA when grown on the NO 3 − rich site. These results provide evidence that NO 3 − assimilation in leaves varies widely among hybrid poplars of different parentages, suggesting potential preferences for N forms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Because nitrate reductase (NR) is a substrate-induced enzyme [24], in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in the leaves and in roots has proven to be a useful indicator of NO 3 − assimilation in a wide range of species, management practices, and environmental conditions [23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clone-Specific Response in Leaf Nitrate Reductase Activity among Unrelated Hybrid Poplars in relation to Soil Nitrate Availability

Fortier¹,

Truax²,

Gagnon³

et al. 2012

International Journal of Forestry Research

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“…For instance, NRA in red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) seedlings was not changed with increasing NH 4 + , but was increased with increasing NO 3 - (Truax et al 1994). In the same study, there was no change in root NRA with increasing NH 4 + , but an increase was noted with NO 3 -.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen compounds in xylem exudate of Juglans nigra seedlings: relation to nitrogen source and supply

Nicodemus

Salifu

Jacobs

2008

Trees

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Nitrogen (N) limits plant productivity and its uptake and assimilation may be regulated by N source, N availability, and nitrate reductase activity (NRA). Knowledge of how these factors interact to affect N uptake and assimilation processes in woody angiosperms is limited. We fertilized 1-year-old, half-sib black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings with ammonium (NH 4 + ) [as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ], nitrate (NO 3 -) (as NaNO 3 ), or a mixed N source (NH 4 NO 3 ) at 0, 800, or 1,600 mg N plant -1 season -1. Two months following final fertilization, growth, in vivo NRA, plant N status, and xylem exudate N composition were assessed. Specific leaf NRA was higher in NO 3 --fed and NH 4 NO 3 -fed plants compared to observed responses in NH 4 + -fed seedlings. Regardless of N source, N addition increased the proportion of amino acids (AA) in xylem exudate, inferring greater NRA in roots, which suggests higher energy cost to plants. Root total NRA was 37% higher in NO 3 --fed than in NH 4 + -fed plants. Exogenous NO 3 -was assimilated in roots or stored, so no difference was observed in NO 3 -levels transported in xylem. Black walnut seedling growth and physiology were generally favored by the mixed N source over NO 3 -or NH 4 + alone, suggesting NH 4 NO 3 is required to maximize productivity in black walnut. Our findings indicate that black walnut seedling responses to N source and level contrast markedly with results noted for woody gymnosperms or herbaceous angiosperms.

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“…The distribution of N assimilation between the roots and the shoot of trees might depend on the species (Truax et al, 1994), the N supply in the soil, the capacity of root nitrate reductase in relation to N uptake (Gojon et al, 1994), and atmospheric uptake of NO x and NH $ (Wellburn, 1990 ;Thoene et al, 1991, Pe! rez-Soba et al, 1994.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble N compounds in trees exposed to high loads of N: a comparison between the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees grown under field conditions

et al. 1998

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During the growing session of 1995, the total soluble non‐protein nitrogen (TSNN) composition and contents of mycorrhizal fine roots, xylem sap and phloem exudates of roots from a coniferous (Picea abies L.(Karst)) and a deciduous (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree species were analysed at a field site (‘Höglwald’, Germany) exposed to high loads of N. In April, TSNN in fine roots of spruce and beech trees amounted to 16 μmol N g−1 f. wt and 23·3 μmol N g−1 f. wt, respectively. It decreased to 9·2 μmol N g−1 f. wt and 18·1 μmol N g−1 f. wt, respectively, after bud break in June. The seasonal maximum of TSNN in fine roots of spruce was observed in July (32·7 μmol N g−1 f. wt) followed by a decline of c. 30% until the end of the growing season in September. TSNN in fine roots of beech trees showed a further decline between June and July, when its seasonal minimum was determined (15·6 μmol N g−1 f. wt), and increased to c. 29 μmol N g−1 f. wt until September. In spruce roots Gln and Arg were the most abundant TSNN compounds during the entire growing season. In roots of beech Asn played an important role alongside Gln and Arg, especially in April, when it was the most abundant TSNN compound. Other proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic N compounds comprised c. 20–30% of TSNN. Nitrate made up <1%, and ammonium <7% of TSNN in the fine roots of both species. In April, TSNN in the xylem sap of roots of spruce and beech trees amounted to 3·4 and 8·6 μmol N ml−1, respectively. In roots of spruce trees xylem sap TSNN increased after bud break up to 12·7 μmol N ml−1 in July. At the end of the growing season TSNN had declined again to 3·9 μmol N ml−1. TSNN in the root xylem sap of beech trees decreased after bud break until July (2·4 μmol N ml−1 in July) followed by a slight increase until September (2·9 μmol N ml−1). Arg, Gln and Asp were the most abundant TSNN compounds in the xylem sap of spruce trees contributing together c. 90% to TSNN. The same TSNN compounds prevailed in the root xylem sap of beech trees in April and July, whereas in June and September Asp was replaced by Asn comprising 57% of TSNN in June. In addition to the N compounds mentioned above, a number of other proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic amino compounds were found in root xylem sap of both species. In either species, nitrate and ammonium were present in small amounts, contributing <1% and <4% to TSNN, respectively. Apparently, inorganic N taken up by the mycorrhizal roots is mainly assimilated in root tissues or by the mycorrhiza and N uptake by the roots is largely adapted to the assimilatory capacity of this organ. In phloem exudates of spruce roots, TSNN amounted to 10·7 μmol N g−1 f. wt in April, increased in June to 23·4 μmol N g−1 f. wt and decreased again until September to a seasonal minimum of 4·8 μmol N g−1 f. wt. In contrast to spruce, TSNN content in phloem exudates of beech roots showed a seasonal maximum (c. 20 μmol N g−1 f. wt) in April with a subsequent decrease in June after bud break (c. 2 μmol N g−1 f. wt). A fourfold increase in July was foll...

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Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in relation to growth and nitrogen assimilation in red oak and red ash seedlings: effects of N-forms, N concentration and light intensity

Cited by 35 publications

References 47 publications

Clone-Specific Response in Leaf Nitrate Reductase Activity among Unrelated Hybrid Poplars in relation to Soil Nitrate Availability

Clone-Specific Response in Leaf Nitrate Reductase Activity among Unrelated Hybrid Poplars in relation to Soil Nitrate Availability

Nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen compounds in xylem exudate of Juglans nigra seedlings: relation to nitrogen source and supply

Soluble N compounds in trees exposed to high loads of N: a comparison between the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees grown under field conditions

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