Nitrate Reductase Activity and Nitrate Concentration in Cotton Plant Leaf Blades and Petioles

Chu, Chia‐Chi; Graham, L. E.; Bariola, L. A.

doi:10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100040006x

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Thus, NRA in the stem, as well as in the petiole, may play a major role in the N metabolism of cotton during the reproductive stages of plant growth. These field studies confirm our earlier greenhouse work that the petiole was a significant site of nitrate reduction (Chu et al, 1987;Chu et al, 1989). The results of these studies with cotton plant NRA agree with those by Andrews et al (1984) for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Samples were also taken at 64 and 68 DAE in 1987 and 1988, respectively, from the top mature leaves on the main stems of cultivars and breeding lines differing in growth and maturity characteristic>. Choice of the top mature leaf on the main stem wa:; based on the highest nitrate content in the petiole and its highest NRA, soluble sugar content, and A TP in the leaf blade among all leaves on the main stem o ~ four cultivars reported by Li et al (1983); and its highes: NRA at the early flower bud stage of the Deltapine-61 we reported earlier (Chu et al, 1989). The leaves were cut off from each field plant under clear sky between 1000 and 1200 h. The petiole and blade of the leaf were immediately sep•• arated and placed in a chilled ( 15 oq petri dish in an ice jar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, little information is available on the NRA of cotton plant stems and petioles. Our recent work with greenhouse-grown plants indicated that cotton petiole NRA was significant (Chu et al, 1989). For commercial application, field research must be conducted to verify greenhouse results.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Cotton Stem and Petiole Nitrate Reductase Activity

Chu¹,

Bariola

1990

Agronomy Journal

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant stems and petioles are not generally considered to be major sites of nitrate reductase activity (NRA). Field studies were conducted to determine the significance of stem NRA and the potential of petiole NRA as an indicator of the N status of cotton. The contribution of various cotton plant parts to the in vivo plant shoot NRA (with endogenous nitrate only) was evaluated at five stages of plant development from the seedling stage to the flower bud stage (reproductive stages). In 1987 and 1988, samples were taken between 1000 and 1200 h under a clear sky from various plant parts of cotton (cultivar Deltapine 61) grown in a calcareous Holtville silty clay in the Imperial Valley, CA. Results showed that the plant stem (or hypocotyl) plus petiole contribution to the total plant shoot NRA increased from 14 to 72% as the plant progressed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Results indicated that cotton plants stems were high in NRA relative to leaf blades, except at the seedling stage. Samples taken from 35 cultivars and breeding lines in the same year under the same environmental conditions showed that the petiole NRA was high at the early flower bud stage. The petiole's average contribution of 52% of the total NRA of the top mature leaf indicates that petiole NRA may be useful as an indicator of N metabolism at the early flower bud stage of development.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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In Vivo Cotton Stem and Petiole Nitrate Reductase Activity

Chu¹,

Bariola

1990

Agronomy Journal

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“…Under these conditions, the root system NR is thought to be saturated, and the excess NO 3is translocated to the leaves for reduction by leaf NR (Lee and Titus, 1992). Although strawberry is a true woody perennial, localization of NR activity is more similar to that of herbaceous plants (Chu et al, 1989;Hucklesby and Blanke, 1987). Regardless of NR localization, NR activities in strawberry tissues were much lower than activities found in many other woody (Bussi et al, 1997;Hucklesby and Blanke, 1987;Lee and Titus, 1992) and herbaceous crops (Hucklesby and Blanke, 1987;Sivasankar and Oaks, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite Concentration Effects on NO3-N Uptake and Reduction, Growth, and Fruit Yield in Strawberry

Darnell¹,

Stutte²

2001

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Strawberries (Fragaria xananassa Duch. .Osogrande.) were grown hydroponically with three NO3-N concentrations (3.75, 7.5, or 15.0 mM) to determine effects of varying concentration on NO3-N uptake and reduction rates, and to relate these processes to growth and fruit yield. Plants were grown for 32 weeks, and NO3-N uptake and nitrate reductase (NR) activities in roots and shoots were measured during vegetative and reproductive growth. In general, NO3-N uptake rates increased as NO3-N concentration in the hydroponics system increased. Tissue NO3-. concentration also increased as external NO3-N concentration increased, reflecting the differences in uptake rates. There was no effect of external NO3-N concentration on NR activities in leaves or roots during either stage of development. Leaf NR activity averaged ~360 nmol NO2 formed/g fresh weight (FW)/h over both developmental stages, while NR activity in roots was much lower, averaging ~115 nmol NO2 formed/g FW/h. Vegetative organ FW, dry weight (DW), and total fruit yield were unaffected by NO3-N concentration. These data suggest that the inability of strawberry to increase growth and fruit yield in response to increasing NO3-N concentrations is not due to limitations in NO3-N uptake rates, but rather to limitations in NO3 - reduction and/or assimilation in both roots and leaves.

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“…Consequently, this assay was used to study regulation of NO − 3 assimilation in cotton (Radin et al, 1975; Radin, 1977) and to determine the partitioning of NO − 3 between shoots and roots in most legume (Andrews et al, 1984) and grass (Andrews et al, 1992; Jiang and Hull, 1999) species. Further, the NRA assay in vivo has been suggested for use as a tool in monitoring systems that determine the changes of N concentration in cotton leaves (Chu et al, 1989).…”

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Diurnal Fluctuations of Nitrate Uptake and In Vivo Nitrate Reductase Activity in Pima and Acala Cotton

2001

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This study was conducted to determine whether diurnal fluctuations of nitrate reductase activity in two cotton species, Pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) and Acala (Gossypium hirsutum L.), are regulated by NO−3 uptake or leaf NO−3 concentration. The two species differ greatly in their N use efficiency. The seedlings were grown for 25 d in nutrient solutions containing 0.05, 0.10 or 1.0 mM NO−3 under a 14‐h light/10‐h dark cycle at 30°C/20°C. Uptake rates were measured by following NO−3 depletion from the uptake solutions at 20°C or 30°C. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in fully expanded first true leaves was determined by an anaerobic method in vivo. Upon illumination uptake rates for both species, measured at 30°C, increased until they plateaued in about 5 h and were maintained at that level for the remainder of the light period and the following dark cycle. When measured at 20°C in the dark, however, the uptake rates decreased 25 to 30% for the first 3 h and then remained constant. Leaf NRA increased rapidly during the first hour of illumination, reached a plateau and then decreased after 4 to 6 h of illumination. The decline was more rapid when NRA was assayed in the absence of NO−3 In darkness, NRA levels were low and did not fluctuate. Upon illumination, leaf NO−3 concentration also increased for about 7 h and then decreased gradually. The results indicate that (i) the diurnal rhythm of NO−3 uptake is modulated by temperature rather than by light/dark transitions, and (ii) while the increase in NRA upon illumination may be regulated by NO−3 flux from roots to shoots, the decrease in NRA under prolonged illumination is independent of that flux.

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Nitrate Reductase Activity and Nitrate Concentration in Cotton Plant Leaf Blades and Petioles

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

In Vivo Cotton Stem and Petiole Nitrate Reductase Activity

In Vivo Cotton Stem and Petiole Nitrate Reductase Activity

Nitrite Concentration Effects on NO3-N Uptake and Reduction, Growth, and Fruit Yield in Strawberry

Diurnal Fluctuations of Nitrate Uptake and In Vivo Nitrate Reductase Activity in Pima and Acala Cotton

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