Nitrate or NaCl regulates floral induction in Arabidopsis thaliana

Hou, Xilin; Li, Ying; Ren, Jun; Yu, Qian; Yang, Xuedong; Duan, Weike; Hou, Xilin

doi:10.2478/s11756-013-0004-x

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The nitrate supply is known to modify several developmental processes, including flowering time (Rideout et al ., ; Corbesier et al ., ; Castro Marin et al ., ; Liu et al ., ). The first evidence suggesting that nitrate might be involved in the regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana was obtained from genetic studies showing that nitrate assimilation and signaling/uptake mutants are late‐flowering (Tocquin et al ., ; Seligman et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrate acts at the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem to regulate flowering time

et al. 2019

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Summary Optimal timing of flowering, a major determinant for crop productivity, is controlled by environmental and endogenous cues. Nutrients are known to modify flowering time; however, our understanding of how nutrients interact with the known pathways, especially at the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ), is still incomplete. Given the negative side‐effects of nitrogen fertilization, it is essential to understand its mode of action for sustainable crop production. We investigated how a moderate restriction by nitrate is integrated into the flowering network at the SAM , to which plants can adapt without stress symptoms. This condition delays flowering by decreasing expression of SUPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 ( SOC 1 ) at the SAM . Measurements of nitrate and the responses of nitrate‐responsive genes suggest that nitrate functions as a signal at the SAM . The transcription factors NIN ‐ LIKE PROTEIN 7 ( NLP 7) and NLP 6, which act as master regulators of nitrate signaling by binding to nitrate‐responsive elements ( NRE s), are expressed at the SAM and flowering is delayed in single and double mutants. Two upstream regulators of SOC 1 ( SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN ‐ LIKE 3 ( SPL 3 ) and SPL 5 ) contain functional NRE s in their promoters. Our results point at a tissue‐specific, nitrate‐mediated flowering time control in Arabidopsis thaliana .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrate acts at the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem to regulate flowering time

et al. 2019

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“…Arabidopsis, like other plants, flowers earlier under low-nitrate conditions (11). Previous studies have reported that the flowering activators CO, FT, LEAFY (LFY), and APETALA1 (AP1) are induced, but the flowering repressor FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) is repressed in low-nitrate conditions (12,13). There are also reports that nitrate availability controls the GA pathway at different levels (GA biosynthesis, perception, and signaling) to influence the timing of vegetative to reproductive phase change (13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have reported that the flowering activators CO, FT, LEAFY (LFY), and APETALA1 (AP1) are induced, but the flowering repressor FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) is repressed in low-nitrate conditions (12,13). There are also reports that nitrate availability controls the GA pathway at different levels (GA biosynthesis, perception, and signaling) to influence the timing of vegetative to reproductive phase change (13,14). However, Castro Marín et al (15) showed that low nitrate induced flowering by a pathway downstream of the floral integrators and independent of photoperiod, GA, and autonomous pathways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 functions in nitrogen regulation of flowering

Yuan

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

103

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The phenomenon of delayed flowering after the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has long been known in agriculture, but the detailed molecular basis for this phenomenon is largely unclear. Here we used a modified method of suppression-subtractive hybridization to identify two key factors involved in N-regulated flowering time control in Arabidopsis thaliana, namely ferredoxin-NADP + -oxidoreductase and the blue-light receptor cryptochrome 1 (CRY1). The expression of both genes is induced by low N levels, and their loss-offunction mutants are insensitive to altered N concentration. Low-N conditions increase both NADPH/NADP + and ATP/AMP ratios, which in turn affect adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Moreover, our results show that the AMPK activity and nuclear localization are rhythmic and inversely correlated with nuclear CRY1 protein abundance. Low-N conditions increase but high-N conditions decrease the expression of several key components of the central oscillator (e.g., CCA1, LHY, and TOC1) and the flowering output genes (e.g., GI and CO). Taken together, our results suggest that N signaling functions as a modulator of nuclear CRY1 protein abundance, as well as the input signal for the central circadian clock to interfere with the normal flowering process. T he transition from vegetative to reproductive development is a central event in the plant life cycle, which is coordinately regulated by various endogenous and external cues. In the model dicotyledonous plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, five distinct genetic pathways regulating flowering time have been established: the vernalization pathway, photoperiod pathway, gibberellin acid (GA) pathway, autonomous pathway, and endogenous (age) pathway (1). These pathways ultimately converge to regulate a set of floral integrator genes, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), which in turn activate the expression of floral meristem identity genes to trigger the formation of flowers (2-4).Plants use the circadian clock as the timekeeping mechanism to measure day length and to ensure flowering at the proper season (5, 6). As a facultative long-day (LD) plant, Arabidopsis flowers earlier under LD conditions than under short-day (SD) conditions. Forward genetics in A. thaliana have identified the GI-CO-FT hierarchy as the canonical genetic pathway promoting flowering specifically under LD conditions (5,7,8). In this pathway, GI (GIGANTEA) can be considered the output point of the circadian clock to control flowering by regulating CONSTANS (CO) expression in the right phase, which activates expression of FT and TSF (TWIN SISTER OF FT) in the companion cells of the phloem within the vascular tissue (2, 9). FT and TSF proteins act as the long-sought florigens that move from leaves to the apical meristem to induce genes required for reproductive development (2-4). Both GI and CO are regulated by the circadian clock and by light signaling simultaneously and at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, to en...

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“…Endogenous GA levels can increase or decrease upon low‐ and high‐nitrate treatments (Liu et al ) indicating a wide input spectrum for nitrogen into the flowering network. On the expression level, the flowering repressor FLC is repressed, while positive flowering integrators like FT , LFY and AP1 are upregulated in low nitrate conditions (Kant et al ).…”

Section: Nitrogen Nutrition Modulates the Basic Flowering Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, expression of GA1 and CO is increased if plants are grown under limiting nitrate conditions. SOC1 , an integrator of signals from multiple flowering pathways is upregulated as well (Liu et al ). Taken together, nitrogen is influencing genes from autonomous, vernalization, GA and photoperiodic pathways.…”

Section: Nitrogen Nutrition Modulates the Basic Flowering Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen – essential macronutrient and signal controlling flowering time

Weber

Burow

2017

Physiologia Plantarum

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Nitrogen, as limiting nutrient for plant growth and crop yield, is a main component of fertilizers and heavily used in modern agriculture. Early reports from over-application of fertilizers in crop production have shown to repress the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. For the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, there is evidence that low nitrogen conditions promote early flowering, while high nitrogen as well as nitrogen starvation conditions display the opposite effect. To gain a better understanding of how nitrogen affects the onset of flowering, we reviewed the existing literature for A. thaliana and carried out a meta-analysis on available transcriptomics data, seeking for potential genes and pathways involved in both nitrogen responses and flowering time control. With this strategy, we aimed at identifying potential gateways for integration of nitrogen signaling and potential regulators that might link the regulatory networks controlling nitrogen and flowering in A. thaliana. We found that photoperiodic pathway genes have high potential to be involved in nitrogen-dependent flowering.

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Nitrate or NaCl regulates floral induction in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 44 publications

References 44 publications

Nitrate acts at the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem to regulate flowering time

Nitrate acts at the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem to regulate flowering time

Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 functions in nitrogen regulation of flowering

Nitrogen – essential macronutrient and signal controlling flowering time

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