Nitrogen – essential macronutrient and signal controlling flowering time

Weber, Konrad; Burow, Meike

doi:10.1111/ppl.12664

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, some of the signals that control this transition are initiated in leaves (Srikanth & Schmid, ). Indications that nitrate directly acts as a signal for flowering were already found in previous studies in which supplementation of a limited nitrate medium with glutamine did not rescue the flowering phenotype (Castro Marin et al ., ; Weber & Burow, ). However, evidence that nitrate signaling can directly interact with the flowering network at the SAM has not yet been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrate acts at the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem to regulate flowering time

et al. 2019

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Summary Optimal timing of flowering, a major determinant for crop productivity, is controlled by environmental and endogenous cues. Nutrients are known to modify flowering time; however, our understanding of how nutrients interact with the known pathways, especially at the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ), is still incomplete. Given the negative side‐effects of nitrogen fertilization, it is essential to understand its mode of action for sustainable crop production. We investigated how a moderate restriction by nitrate is integrated into the flowering network at the SAM , to which plants can adapt without stress symptoms. This condition delays flowering by decreasing expression of SUPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 ( SOC 1 ) at the SAM . Measurements of nitrate and the responses of nitrate‐responsive genes suggest that nitrate functions as a signal at the SAM . The transcription factors NIN ‐ LIKE PROTEIN 7 ( NLP 7) and NLP 6, which act as master regulators of nitrate signaling by binding to nitrate‐responsive elements ( NRE s), are expressed at the SAM and flowering is delayed in single and double mutants. Two upstream regulators of SOC 1 ( SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN ‐ LIKE 3 ( SPL 3 ) and SPL 5 ) contain functional NRE s in their promoters. Our results point at a tissue‐specific, nitrate‐mediated flowering time control in Arabidopsis thaliana .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrate acts at the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem to regulate flowering time

et al. 2019

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“…Root growth and development are influenced by the plants' nutritious status and the external availability of the nutrients [19,20]. NO 3 − is taken up by the root cell is considered to be a key constituent of the N metabolism.…”

Section: Classification Of Nitrate Responsive Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, LBDs act downstream of the auxin influx carrier AUX1 and Lax1, regulating LR initiation and development [62,63]. These transient developmental phases are further synchronized by the action of microRNA (miRNA) families miRNA156 and miRNA172 [20]. It was revealed that miRNA156 targeted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes SPL3, SPL9, and SPL10, which are involved in the suppression of lateral root growth.…”

Section: Short Term Primary Nitrate Response (Pnr) Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recognizable proof of the proteins and the transport process of NO 3 − inside the plants are essential to understand the components that control NO 3 − retention and distribution within the entire plant. Here, we classify the genes that potentially involved in NO 3 − responses [20,22], as short-term and long-term responsive (Tables 1-3), which are described in detail below.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Signalling Overlaps between Nitrate and Auxin in Regulation of The Root System Architecture: Insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana

Asim

Ullah

Oluwaseun

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Nitrate (NO 3 -) and auxin are key regulators of root growth and development, modulating the signalling cascades in auxin-induced lateral root formation. Auxin biosynthesis, transport, and transduction are significantly altered by nitrate. A decrease in nitrate (NO 3 -) supply tends to promote auxin translocation from shoots to roots and vice-versa. This nitrate mediated auxin biosynthesis regulating lateral roots growth is induced by the nitrate transporters and its downstream transcription factors. Most nitrate responsive genes (short-term and long-term) are involved in signalling overlap between nitrate and auxin, thereby inducing lateral roots initiation, emergence, and development. Moreover, in the auxin signalling pathway, the varying nitrate supply regulates lateral roots development by modulating the auxin accumulation in the roots. Here, we focus on the roles of nitrate responsive genes in mediating auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis root, and the mechanism involved in the transport of auxin at different nitrate levels. In addition, this review also provides an insight into the significance of nitrate responsive regulatory module and their downstream transcription factors in root system architecture in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.grow well when taking N only from NH 4 + [4]. This uptake system of N by the roots is under the synchronized control of nutrients availability and hormonal signalling [2,3]. Nitrate (NO 3 − ) plays a signal regulatory role in many physiological processes including root growth. The nutrient uptake efficiency depends on root system architecture in the soil [9], and these processes are controlled by several gene-transcript levels, which are regulated by NO 3 − [10].NO 3 regulates root branches under various signalling pathways, such as NRT1.1 (dual-affinity NO 3 − responsive gene), which is assumed to participate in the nitrate-sensing system [11,12], and also governed by auxin [13].Signalling communication is a general rule rather than an omission. For instance, it is cited that about 1545 genes were the nutrient-related signals of NO 3 − , NH 4 + , or both nitrogen forms. Also, 982 (64%) genes were controlled by hormonal signals [14]. Several studies reveal that hormone biosynthesis, transport, and transduction are significantly influenced by several mineral nutrients [11].Hormones play a key role in the root-growth adaptation to NO 3 − readiness [13]. Numerous studies have also shown that NO 3 − regulation of root system architecture (RSA) entails an overlap between NO 3 − and auxin signalling pathways [13,15]. IAA is the most researched and best naturally occurring active auxin [12], and it plays a specific role in the control of systemic inhibition of fresh lateral roots (LRs) developments in response to the sufficient supply of nitrate [16]. Both external NO 3 − and IAA supply significantly influence the auxin concentration in the tiller nodes [17]. As part of the root system, lateral root not only depends on the external NO 3 − supply, but also on the amount of inter...

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“…Plant growth is highly dependent on mineral nutrient supply [9]. Among the essential nutrients, nitrogen (N) is one of the most important macroelements that significantly affects plant growth, development, and product quality [10]. Analysis of distribution of nutrients in different organs of C. oleifera showed the most abundant element is N ranging from 3.2 to 12 g kg −1 compared to the next most abundant, potassium, ranging from 3 to 6 g kg −1 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Nitrate and Ammonium Ratios Affect Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel. Seedlings

Wang

Chen

et al. 2018

Forests

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Camellia oleifera Abel., is an important woody plant, and its fruit contains high-quality edible oil. Production of C. oleifera has significantly expanded over the last 20 years in China. Due to the lack of appropriate information on nutrient management, its production has encountered low yield and low oil quality problems. As nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient and the most abundant in C. oleifera tissues, the present study investigated effects of different ratios of nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) on the growth of a cultivar Xianglin 27 at the seedling stage. Uniform seedlings were grown in a soil-based substrate in containers and fertigated with solutions composed of six ratios of NO3− and NH4+, respectively for five months. Results showed that C. oleifera prefers both NO3− and NH4+ at a ratio of 1:1. Seedlings receiving this solution had the highest total N in leaves and total dry weight; elevated chrolophyll, soluble saccharide and protein contents as well as higher activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). Our study shows for the first time that N supply for producing C. oleifera should be an equal ratio of NO3− and NH4+.

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Nitrogen – essential macronutrient and signal controlling flowering time

Cited by 40 publications

References 54 publications

Nitrate acts at the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem to regulate flowering time

Nitrate acts at the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem to regulate flowering time

Signalling Overlaps between Nitrate and Auxin in Regulation of The Root System Architecture: Insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana

Different Nitrate and Ammonium Ratios Affect Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel. Seedlings

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