Nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines in the global food supply

McMahon, Nicholas; Brooker, Paige G; Pavey, Toby; Leveritt, Michael

doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2124949

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 334 publications

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“…This could take the form of an app or other computerised tool, which could be used by individuals to estimate their intake of nitrate-something which many individuals do already for other nutrients/energy intake [96]. Comprehensive databases have now been developed on food sources of nitrate, which are beginning to be incorporated into commercially available dietary analysis software [97], which make this a realistic possibility in the near future. The integration of these tools with supermarket websites or online recipe books could be helpful for those who are not currently achieving their target nitrate intakes.…”

Section: Self-monitoring Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Whole Foods Approach for Elevating Dietary Nitrate Intake: Have Researchers Concentrated Too Much on Beetroot Juice?

Griffiths,

Alhulaefi,

Hayes

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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In recent years, a number of studies have explored the potential salutary effects of dietary nitrate, with promising findings emerging. Indeed, numerous investigations have now demonstrated that increasing intake of dietary nitrate can reduce blood pressure, improve endothelial function, decrease platelet aggregation, increase cognitive function and brain perfusion, and enhance exercise performance. Most researchers have explored the health and/or performance effects of dietary nitrate by providing participants with concentrated beetroot juice, which is rich in this compound. Another strategy for increasing/optimising dietary nitrate intake, which could be embraced alongside or instead of nitrate-rich supplements in research and non-research settings, is the consumption of whole nitrate-rich vegetables. In this review, we explore the potential advantages and disadvantages of increasing consumption of various whole nitrate-rich vegetables to augment dietary nitrate intake. We compare the cost, convenience, availability, feasibility/acceptability, and efficacy of consumption of nitrate via whole nitrate-rich vegetables against concentrated beetroot juice ‘shots’ as defined supplements. We also discuss possible strategies that could be used to help individuals maximise their intake of nitrate via whole vegetables, and outline potential avenues for future research.

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Section: Self-monitoring Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Whole Foods Approach for Elevating Dietary Nitrate Intake: Have Researchers Concentrated Too Much on Beetroot Juice?

Griffiths,

Alhulaefi,

Hayes

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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show abstract

“…This is primarily due to the fact that the uptake of nitrate nitrogen exceeds the assimilation capacity of the pakchoi [39]. Therefore, it is essential to reduce nitrate levels and improve quality while sustaining high yield [40]. Domestic and international researchers have conducted numerous studies on rational fertilization, balanced fertilization, and the application of organic fertilizers to achieve this objective, yielding varying degrees of success [25,41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Pakchoi under Different Irrigation Water Types

Lin,

Wang,

Lei

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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The long-term utilization of inorganic fertilizers in pakchoi cultivation can result in increased nitrate levels, potentially posing health risks to human consumers. For this study, we investigated the efficacy of organic fertilizers as a promising alternative for enhancing soil structure, improving fertility, and increasing the yield of pakchoi. A two-year field trial was conducted from 2022 to 2023 to examine the effects of the combined application of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of pakchoi. Three types of irrigation water, namely fresh water (F), brackish water (B), and magnetized–ionized brackish water (MIB), were used in combination with five different organic fertilizer rates (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/ha, denoted as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4). The results revealed that treatments F2, F3, B2, B3, and MIB3 significantly improved the growth indexes of pakchoi. Notably, treatments F3, B3, and MIB3 resulted in an earlier onset of the fast growth period for leaf area index and fresh weight. During this period, we observed the highest cumulative growing degree days (ΔCGDD) values, which were 628.36 °C for plant height (MIB4), 475.01 °C for leaf area index (B3), 259.73 °C for fresh weight (B3), and 416.82 °C for dry matter accumulation (B3). The logistic model indicated an increase in eigenvalue at an organic fertilizer application rate of 60 kg/ha, while excessive fertilization had inhibitory effects. Under brackish water irrigation, both plant height and leaf area index demonstrated significant positive effects on yield, with plant height having a particularly noteworthy direct effect at a coefficient of 0.935. MIB water irrigation demonstrated superior advantages for promoting pakchoi growth, leading to significantly higher rates of fresh weight and dry matter accumulation compared to traditional brackish water irrigation. The maximum value of each growth index exerted a significant direct influence on its respective growth parameter, whereas ΔCGDD demonstrated a relatively smaller or potentially negative effect. Applying organic fertilizer appropriately can assist in the production of pakchoi and provide a scientific basis for increasing yield.

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Occurrence of Nitrate, Nitrite and Perchlorate in Foods

Toldrá¹,

Flores²

2024

Encyclopedia of Food Safety

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Nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines in the global food supply

Cited by 6 publications

References 334 publications

Exploring the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Whole Foods Approach for Elevating Dietary Nitrate Intake: Have Researchers Concentrated Too Much on Beetroot Juice?

Exploring the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Whole Foods Approach for Elevating Dietary Nitrate Intake: Have Researchers Concentrated Too Much on Beetroot Juice?

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Pakchoi under Different Irrigation Water Types

Occurrence of Nitrate, Nitrite and Perchlorate in Foods

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