Effects of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Pakchoi under Different Irrigation Water Types

Abstract

The long-term utilization of inorganic fertilizers in pakchoi cultivation can result in increased nitrate levels, potentially posing health risks to human consumers. For this study, we investigated the efficacy of organic fertilizers as a promising alternative for enhancing soil structure, improving fertility, and increasing the yield of pakchoi. A two-year field trial was conducted from 2022 to 2023 to examine the effects of the combined application of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of pakchoi. Three types of irrigation water, namely fresh water (F), brackish water (B), and magnetized–ionized brackish water (MIB), were used in combination with five different organic fertilizer rates (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/ha, denoted as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4). The results revealed that treatments F2, F3, B2, B3, and MIB3 significantly improved the growth indexes of pakchoi. Notably, treatments F3, B3, and MIB3 resulted in an earlier onset of the fast growth period for leaf area index and fresh weight. During this period, we observed the highest cumulative growing degree days (ΔCGDD) values, which were 628.36 °C for plant height (MIB4), 475.01 °C for leaf area index (B3), 259.73 °C for fresh weight (B3), and 416.82 °C for dry matter accumulation (B3). The logistic model indicated an increase in eigenvalue at an organic fertilizer application rate of 60 kg/ha, while excessive fertilization had inhibitory effects. Under brackish water irrigation, both plant height and leaf area index demonstrated significant positive effects on yield, with plant height having a particularly noteworthy direct effect at a coefficient of 0.935. MIB water irrigation demonstrated superior advantages for promoting pakchoi growth, leading to significantly higher rates of fresh weight and dry matter accumulation compared to traditional brackish water irrigation. The maximum value of each growth index exerted a significant direct influence on its respective growth parameter, whereas ΔCGDD demonstrated a relatively smaller or potentially negative effect. Applying organic fertilizer appropriately can assist in the production of pakchoi and provide a scientific basis for increasing yield.

Effect of Biofertilizers on the Agromorphological Parameters of Three Okra Cultivars in Southern Côte d’Ivoire

“…Fertilizer application influenced leaf area, collar diameter, fruit mass, and yield. Previous studies have shown that organic and mineral fertilizers accelerate the increase in leaf area [19]. The highest averages for the above agromorphological parameters were obtained using the biofertilizer Retone and the mineral fertilizer NPK.…”

Enhancing salt tolerance and crop growth in agricultural systems: the impact of magnetized‐ionized water irrigation on soil properties, microbial communities, and cotton growth

“…25 Other investigations have revealed the significant effects of magnetized-ionized water irrigation on pak choi, eggplants, and cotton. 45,[60][61][62][63] Olant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and crop yield were notably augmented due to this treatment. This study has revealed that magnetized-ionized water irrigation enhanced key parameters including H, LAI, DM, and SPAD during the cotton seedling period.…”

“…The leaves and stem of the plants were placed into an oven at 105 °C for 30 min and then dried at 75 °C to a constant weight, where they were subsequently weighed. The dry matter accumulation was determined as follows: 45 …”

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Photosynthesis, Yield, and Quality of Pakchoi under Different Irrigation Conditions

“…The yield of pakchoi at maturity is quantified based on its fresh weight. Yield calculation, as per Equation (1), involves harvesting and weighing all pakchoi plants from each plot [29]. The soluble sugar (SS, g/kg) and soluble protein (SP, g/kg) content in pakchoi were measured using the anthrone and Coomassie Brilliant Blue UV spectrophotometry methods, respectively (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan, UV-1900i) [30,31].…”

“…Under brackish water irrigation, optimal values for yield, SS, and SP were obtained at organic fertilizer application rates of 76.18, 56.91, 40.79 kg/ha, reaching peaks of 47,127 kg/ha for yield, 32.97 g/kg for SS, and 4.46 g/kg for SP, respectively. This pattern indicates that achieving optimal yield and quality in brackish water conditions requires a higher application of organic fertilizer [29,31]. This study examines the effects of organic fertilizer on the photosynthetic attributes and yield of pakchoi under the conditions of both fresh water and brackish water irrigation.…”