Nitrate contamination and subsequent hydrogeochemical processes of shallow groundwater in agro-livestock farming districts in South Korea

Kim, Ho Rim; Yu, Soonyoung; Oh, Junseop; Kim, Kyoung-Ho; Lee, Jehee; Moniruzzaman, Md.; Kim, Hyun Koo; Yun, Seong Taek

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.12.010

Cited by 63 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The actual nitrate residence time in the vadose zone can be higher due to a significant amount being retained and stored. This, increases the lag between any changes in the agricultural practices to reduce nitrogen loading at the soil surface and its impacts on groundwater quality (Baily et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2015;Ascott et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2019). Furthermore, in the areas where the Semi-confined aquifer in overlaid by the Alluvial, the aquitard will considerably slow down the convective transport of nitrate due to its low hydraulic conductivity, which is not being accounted for in our empirical model.…”

Section: Relation Between the Global Risk Index And The Nitrates In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Translating the agricultural N surplus hazard into groundwater pollution risk: Implications for effectiveness of mitigation measures in nitrate vulnerable zones

Cameira

Rolim

Valente

et al. 2021

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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In the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones farmers are required to implement measures to reduce the nitrogen (N) surplus. Nevertheless, in some cases the status of the water bodies show that the effect of these measures remains insufficient despite the global decrease in N surpluses. The present work aims to contribute with a method that produces an appropriate indicator for the N mitigation measures effectiveness for reducing groundwater nitrate pollution. The Global Risk Index (GRI) results from overlaying the agricultural N surplus hazard and aquifer vulnerability. It includes both irrigation activity and precipitation contribution to water recharge calculated at the municipality level. It integrates a range of regional datasets combined with monitored nitrate (NO 3 − ) concentrations in groundwater under a GIS framework. Results show that the pollution status of the Tagus Vulnerable Zone (TVZ) aquifers has been aggravating in spite of the overall reduction in the N surpluses that resulted from the implementation of the Nitrates Directive measures. Twelve years after the TVZ designation, the GRI indicates high and moderate NO 3 -pollution risk, respectively in 33 % and 66 % of the territory. Scenario analysis indicates the potential of targeted measures for ending high risk areas and reducing moderate risk areas to 13 %. This supports that N mitigation measures must be reformulated and spatially targeted according to site specific hazards and vulnerabilities.

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Section: Relation Between the Global Risk Index And The Nitrates In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Translating the agricultural N surplus hazard into groundwater pollution risk: Implications for effectiveness of mitigation measures in nitrate vulnerable zones

Cameira

Rolim

Valente

et al. 2021

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…Furthermore, HCO 3 − concentrations were higher than those predicted from calcite dissolution at a given P CO2 (Supplementary Figure S4a), which indicates additional proton (H + ) sources. There was no evidence of pyrite to produce H + in the study area, while nitrate contamination might enhance carbonate dissolution (Kim et al, 2019). In fact, the water samples were plotted between the enhanced dissolution of carbonate rocks by nitrification (i.e., the 1:1 of Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ (mmol) and HCO 3 − (mmol)) and natural dissolution (i.e., the 1:2 of Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ (mmol) and HCO 3 − (mmol)) (Supplementary Figure S4b).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Hydrochemical and Isotopic Difference of Spring Water Depending on Flow Type in a Stratigraphically Complex Karst Area of South Korea

Chae

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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Characterizing the subsurface flow in karstic areas is challenging due to distinct flow paths coexisting, and lithologic heterogeneity makes it more difficult. A combined use of hydrochemical, environmental isotopic, and hydrograph separation study was performed to understand the subsurface flow in a karst terrain where Ordovician carbonate rocks overlie Jurassic sandstone and shale along thrusts. Spring water collected was divided into Type Ⅰ (n = 11) and Ⅱ (n = 30) based on flow patterns (i.e., low and high discharge, respectively). In addition, groundwater (n = 20) was examined for comparison. Three Type Ⅱ springs were additionally collected during a storm event to construct hydrographs using δ18O and δD. As a result, Type Ⅱ had higher electrical conductivity, Mg2+, HCO3−, and Ca2+/(Na+ + K+) than Type Ⅰ and was mostly saturated with calcite, similar to deep groundwater. The hydrochemical difference between Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ was opposite to the expectation that Type Ⅱ would be undersaturated given fast flow and small storage, which could be explained by the distinct geology and water sources. Most Type Ⅱ springs and deep groundwater occurred in carbonate rocks, whereas Type Ⅰ and shallow groundwater occurred in various geological settings. The carbonate rocks seemed to provide conduit flow paths for Type Ⅱ given high solubility and faults, resulting in 1) relatively high tritium and NO3− and Cl−via short-circuiting flow paths and 2) the similar hydrochemistry and δ18O and δD to deep groundwater via upwelling from deep flow paths. The deep groundwater contributed to 83–87% of the discharge at three Type Ⅱ springs in the dry season. In contrast, Type Ⅰ showed low Ca2+ + Mg2+ and Ca2+/(Na+ + K+) discharging diffuse sources passing through shallow depths in a matrix in mountain areas. Delayed responses to rainfall and the increased concentrations of contaminants (e.g., NO3−) during a typhoon at Type Ⅱ implied storage in the vadose zone. This study shows that hydrochemical and isotopic investigations are effective to characterize flow paths, when combined with hydrograph separation because the heterogenous geology affects both flow paths and the hydrochemistry of spring water passing through each pathway.

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“…The concentration of NO 3 − is moderately significantly correlated with Ca 2+ (r = 0.331) but insignificantly with pH (r = 0.034). This is because the lower pH of the groundwater facilitates the dissolution of minerals and cation exchange, consequently raising the concentrations of ions together with different trace elements (Kim et al, 2019). Kim et al (2019) studied the interaction of carbonate minerals with the NH 4 + in the groundwater samples.…”

Section: Pearson Correlation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical analysis and geospatial modeling for delineation of groundwater pollution and human health risks assessment of Cuttack district, India

Naik

Barik

Jha

et al. 2021

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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In this study, the spatial distribution of fluoride, uranium, and associated water quality parameters in the drinking water of the Cuttack district, Odisha, India, has been analyzed. A total of 104 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The experimental data were analyzed by statistical techniques and the universal inverse distance weighting model. The pH of the collected groundwater samples is mainly regulated by the presence of HCO 3 − alkali species. The fluoride concentrations in 34.6% of the samples exceeded the Bureau of Indian Standards' acceptable limit. The health risk assessment was conducted as per guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.The noncarcinogenic health risk of fluoride is the maximum and is followed by nitrate.Almost 56.73% of water samples are classified under the noncarcinogenic health risk category, and 1.9% of samples exhibit a carcinogenic health risk for both adults and children. The noncarcinogenic health risk for children is higher than for adults. pH was positively correlated with fluoride with a correlation coefficient of 0.287, which indicated that the higher pH augmented the displacement of fluoride ions from the mineral surface. HCO 3 − and Ca 2+ are moderately correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.372, but HCO 3 − is negatively correlated with Mg 2+ (r = −0.049), indicating that calcite dissolution and/or precipitation is much higher than dolomite.

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Nitrate contamination and subsequent hydrogeochemical processes of shallow groundwater in agro-livestock farming districts in South Korea

Cited by 63 publications

References 60 publications

Translating the agricultural N surplus hazard into groundwater pollution risk: Implications for effectiveness of mitigation measures in nitrate vulnerable zones

Translating the agricultural N surplus hazard into groundwater pollution risk: Implications for effectiveness of mitigation measures in nitrate vulnerable zones

Hydrochemical and Isotopic Difference of Spring Water Depending on Flow Type in a Stratigraphically Complex Karst Area of South Korea

Hydrogeochemical analysis and geospatial modeling for delineation of groundwater pollution and human health risks assessment of Cuttack district, India

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