NIR-triggered photocatalytic/photothermal/photodynamic water remediation using eggshell-derived CaCO3/CuS nanocomposites

State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistry

“…For instance, various transition-metal sulfides, including ZnS, Cu 2 S, CdS, In 2 S 3 , WS 2 , and MoS 2 , have been reported as effective photocatalysts (Rodriguez-Padron et al, 2020 ). In this sense, Luque et al have developed an efficient photocatalytic system based on copper sulfide and calcium carbonate, employing eggshell waste as a well-known source of CaCO 3 (Zhang et al, 2020b ). In this work, eggshell is employed as a sustainable support, allowing the proper deposition of CuS nanoparticles, avoiding possible sintering effects, as indicated in the SEM-mapping analysis and facilitating the recovery and reuse of the sample.…”

“…CaCO 3 /CuS nanocomposites were prepared by an impregnation method, after eggshell residues, used as a template, were powdered and homogenized. The obtained samples were tested in the Near-infrared (NIR) light (according to their absorption in the NIR and visible regions) induced photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), which is a typical water pollutant and could cause some alterations in human endocrine systems (Zhang et al, 2020b ) ( Figure 3A ). The reduction of 4-NP gives rise to the formation of 4-aminophenol (4-AP), which in turn is a valuable intermediate in the chemical industry, with applications in the production of valuable materials, such as analgesic and antipyretic drugs and anti-corrosion substances.…”

“… (A) Schematic representation of 4-NP degradation using CaCO 3 /CuS. Reprinted from Zhang et al ( 2020b ), Copyright (2020) American Chemical Society; (B) Illustrative degradation of TC-HCl over PbS/CaCO 3 catalyst. Reprinted from Zhang et al ( 2020a ), Copyright (2020), with permission from Elsevier; (C) Schematic representation of 4-NP degradation using CuO/ZnO/eggshell.…”

A UV-visible-NIR active smart photocatalytic system based on NaYbF4:Tm3+ upconverting particles and Ag3PO4/H2O2 for photocatalytic processes under light on/light off conditions

“…Many attempts have been made to prepare new or modified and recyclable broad spectrum photocatalytic system that can make use of a wider range of solar radiation (from UV to NIR), especially NIR range which constitute 50% of incident solar irradiation [37][38][39][40] . One promising strategy to extend the absorption/application range of UV-visible active photocatalysts to couple them with lanthanide-based upconverting particles (UCPs) such as NaYbF 4 :Tm 3+ and NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ /Tm 3+ 41-45 .…”

“…33 Many attempts have been made to prepare new or modified and recyclable broad spectrum photocatalytic systems that can make use of a wider range of solar radiation (from UV to NIR), especially the NIR range which constitutes B50% of incident solar radiation. [37][38][39][40] One promising strategy to extend the absorption/application range of UV-visible active photocatalysts is to couple them with lanthanide-based upconverting particles (UCPs) such as NaYbF 4 :Tm 3+ and NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ /Tm 3+ . [41][42][43][44][45] The UCPs can successively absorb two or more relatively low energy photons (NIR photons) via intermediate long-lived energy states and then emit higher energy photons (in the UV-Vis region) upon relaxation through a non-linear optical process known as upconversion.…”