NIR‐Laser‐Controlled Hydrogen‐Releasing PdH Nanohydride for Synergistic Hydrogen‐Photothermal Antibacterial and Wound‐Healing Therapies

Abstract

For decades, hydrogen (H2) gas has been recognized as an excellent antioxidant molecule that holds promise in treating many diseases like Alzheimer's, stroke, cancer, and so on. For the first time, active hydrogen is demonstrated to be highly efficient in antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound‐healing applications, in particular when used in combination with the photothermal effect. As a proof of concept, a biocompatible hydrogen‐releasing PdH nanohydride, displaying on‐demand controlled active hydrogen release property under near‐infrared laser irradiation, is fabricated by incorporating H2 into Pd nanocubes. The obtained PdH nanohydride combines both merits of bioactive hydrogen and photothermal effect of Pd, exhibiting excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities due to its synergistic hydrogen‐photothermal therapeutic effect. Interestingly, combinational hydrogen‐photothermal treatment is also proved to be an excellent therapeutic methodology in healing rats' wound with serious bacterial infection. Moreover, an in‐depth antibacterial mechanism study reveals that two potential pathways are involved in the synergistic hydrogen‐photothermal antibacterial effect. One is to upregulate bacterial metabolism relevant genes like dmpI, narJ, and nark, which subsequently encode more expression of oxidative metabolic enzymes to generate substantial reactive oxygen species to induce DNA damage and another is to cause severe bacterial membrane damage to release intracellular compounds like DNA.

Quantitative Photoacoustic Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Inflammation In Vivo Using Activatable Theranostic Nanoprobe

“…In contrast, the combination of Au–Pd@Ag and 100 × 10 −6 m H 2 O 2 resulted in highly distorted and wrinkled cell membranes, indicating cell death. Consistent with this, SYTO 9/propidium iodide (PI) staining [ 25 ] showed extensive cell death following the combination treatment, whereas PBS, H 2 O 2 and NPs alone had minimal effect on bacterial viability (Figure 4c and Figures S9 and S10, Supporting Information). Taken together, Au–Pd@Ag and low dose H 2 O 2 synergistically inhibited bacterial growth following oxidation of the NPs and slow release of Ag + ions.…”

Light: A Magical Tool for Controlled Drug Delivery

“…[128] Imaging-guided synergistic photothermal therapy provides a novel way to construct precision nanotheranostic agents. A number of multifunctional composite metal nanohybrids have been studied as potential nanoagents for imaging-guided synergistic photothermal therapy with diverse therapeutic and diagnostic payloads, including FePS 3 nanosheets with excellent photothermal conversion activity enabling chemodynamic therapy and hyperthermia effect for cancer therapy, [134] carbon-encapsulated FeCo nanomaterials as magnetic imaging tracers with magnetothermal and photothermal capablities, [135] zirconium-ferriporphyrin MOF nanotransducer complexed with heat shock protein 70 siRNA for computed tomography, photothermal, and photoacoustic trimode imaging modalities-guided combined gene and photothermal-photodynamic therapy for efficient cancer elimination, [136] FePt/MoS 2 nanomaterials with synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy for improving tumor immunotherapy, [137] Mo 2 C-derived polyoxometalate as a chemodynamic therapy agent, [138] functionalized MoTe 2 nanosheets with PEG-cyclic RGD and DOX for combined photothermal and chemotherapy, [139] Cu-based Fenton like agent copper(I) phosphide (Cu 3 P) nanocrystal for magnetic resonance imaging-based cancer chemodynamic/ photothermal combination therapy, [140] copper-palladium alloy nanocrystals for multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging guided photothermal chemotherapy, [141] PdH nanohydride for combinational hydrogen releasing-triggered hydrogen-photothermal treatment, [142] polyelectrolyte-multilayer-coated Cs x WO 3 for computerized tomography (CT)/ photo acoustic bimodal imaging-based cancer photodynamic/ photothermal therapy, [143] tungsten-based polyoxometalate nanoclusters for efficient photothermal and anti-inflammatory treatment, [144] vanadium carbide nanosheets with enhanced NIR photothermal performance, [145] Bi/phthalocyanine manganese photo sensitizer nanocomposites with high magnetic resonance and CT imaging performance for photothermal and photodynamic therapy, [146] supramolecular photo thermal nanodrugs BSA-pheophorbide a-Mn 2+ nanoparticle with heating-enhanced photothermal effects, [147] the MOF Hf-UiO-66 archetype structure incorporated with photoactive tetratopic chlorin ligands for multimodal CT/thermal/photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal-photodynamic anticancer therapy. [148] An interesting work presented a core-shell nanotheranostic agents, that is, the FeCo core nanomaterials and bore graphitic carbon shells grafted with PEG, providing not only the high magnetic particle imaging signal intensity and the photoacoustic imaging function, but also photothermal and magnetothermal properties for efficient tumor elimination in mice.…”

Antibacterial Hybrid Hydrogels

“…For example, Yu et al achieved the purpose of sterilization through the synergistic effects of hydrogen and photothermal action. [55] They incorporated H 2 into Pd nanocubes to produce a biocompatible hydrogen-releasing PdH nanohydride, which could control the release of active hydrogen and had good photothermal effect under NIR irradiation. Through the synergistic effect of active hydrogen and photothermal action, PdH had excellent antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo, while PdH could promote tissue reconstruction and accelerate wound healing.…”