Quantitative Photoacoustic Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Inflammation In Vivo Using Activatable Theranostic Nanoprobe

Abstract

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 is the pathological basis of chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as bacterial infection‐induced inflammation. Therefore, the in situ H2O2 level is a reliable biomarker of inflammatory responses, and its real‐time measurement can monitor disease progression and improve therapeutic outcomes in inflammation‐linked diseases. However, the currently used strategies for the diagnosis of inflammation is mainly through routine blood test, which are limited in determining the inflammation status and cannot provide comprehensive quantitative information. In this work, a novel H2O2‐responsive theranostic nanoplatform comprising Ag shell coated Pd‐tipped gold nanorods (Au–Pd@Ag NR) is developed. The etching and oxidation of the Ag shell by H2O2 release the Ag ions, which effectively kill bacteria in vivo and trigger their absorption variation at 700 and 1260 nm. The ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) imaging at 1260 and 700 nm (PA1260/PA700) accurately quantifies H2O2 in a mice model of bacterial infection and abdomen inflammation, even in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. The H2O2 activated second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) PA images of the probe can further precisely differentiate the inflammation region and normal tissue. This nanoplatform not only can quantify H2O2 during inflammation but also act as a potent antibacterial agent.

Ag+‐Coupled Black Phosphorus Vesicles with Emerging NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging Performance for Cancer Immune‐Dynamic Therapy and Fast Wound Healing

“…Hence,B PV e-Ag + showed ag reat prospect in rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria at the wound region, because the PA imaging diagnosis was simpler than traditional pathogenic bacteria detection such as ELISA and the spread-plate method. [37] Furthermore,t he shrinkage in wound size of mice treated with BP Ve-Ag + was far more significant when compared with that of other treatments (Figure 6d-f). Furthermore,a fter treated with BP Ve-Ag + ,t he amount of residual E. coli around the infected wound was significantly reduced when compared with that after treatment with PBS or BP Ve (Figure 6g;S upporting Information, Figure S19).…”

“…However, PA signals were enhanced when BP Ve‐Ag + encountered the infected area caused by E. coli, thereby implying that BP Ve‐Ag + had an excellent recognition capacity for pathogenic bacteria. Hence, BP Ve‐Ag + showed a great prospect in rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria at the wound region, because the PA imaging diagnosis was simpler than traditional pathogenic bacteria detection such as ELISA and the spread‐plate method [37] . Furthermore, the shrinkage in wound size of mice treated with BP Ve‐Ag + was far more significant when compared with that of other treatments (Figure 6 d–f).…”

Ag+‐Coupled Black Phosphorus Vesicles with Emerging NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging Performance for Cancer Immune‐Dynamic Therapy and Fast Wound Healing

“…Hence,B PV e-Ag + showed ag reat prospect in rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria at the wound region, because the PA imaging diagnosis was simpler than traditional pathogenic bacteria detection such as ELISA and the spread-plate method. [37] Furthermore,t he shrinkage in wound size of mice treated with BP Ve-Ag + was far more significant when compared with that of other treatments (Figure 6d-f). Furthermore,after treated with BP Ve-Ag + ,t he amount of residual E. coli around the infected wound was significantly reduced when compared with that after treatment with PBS or BP Ve (Figure 6g;S upporting Information, Figure S19).…”

NIR‐II Photoacoustic Reporter for Biopsy‐Free and Real‐Time Assessment of Wilson's Disease

“…To prepare the AuNR-Pd@PIR970/PEG nanoprobe, the AuNR-Pd were first prepared by enabling palladium nanoparticles (Pd) anchored at a tip of AuNR according to our previously reported method. [21] The average length and width of AuNR-Pd were…”