Nipple discharge and the efficacy of duct cytology in evaluating breast cancer risk

Dolan, Roisin T.; Butler, Joseph S.; Kell, Malcolm R.; Gorey, T. F.; Stokes, Maurice

doi:10.1016/j.surge.2010.03.005

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…PND patients aged >50 years should be given high priority. These results were consistent with those in the literature (Dolan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In other reports by Dolan et al (2010), 9% of patients with hemorrhagic discharge were diagnosed with breast cancer, and 2% of patients with no hemorrhagic discharge were diagnosed with breast cancer. Chen et al (2012) found that hemorrhagic discharge patients had a higher risk of developing breast cancer than patients with other types of discharge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Therefore, we believe that the relationship between discharge traits and benign and malignant PND lesions remains controversial. Dolan et al (2010) reported that 18% of PND patients with breast lumps had breast cancer, and the breast cancer incidence was 2% in patients without breast lumps. They confirmed that the breast lumps were risk factors for PND-associated breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective analysis of pathologic nipple discharge

Fan

2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The cause of pathologic nipple discharge is mainly benign lesions, but there is still a possibility of malignancy. Pathologic nipple discharge may be the only or the first symptom of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the clinical factors associated with lesions in patients with pathologic nipple discharge using a retrospective analysis of clinical data in 207 cases. The univariate analysis showed that age >50 years, breast lumps, or breast calcifications were risk factors associated with breast cancer in nipple discharge patients (P < 0.05). Discharge characteristics, duration of disease, and identification of lesions had no clear clinical significance (P > 0.05). The multivariate analysis also showed that age >50 years, breast lumps, and breast calcifications were risk factors associated with breast cancer in nipple discharge patients (P < 0.05). Age, breast lumps, and breast calcifications had important clinical significance in identification of benign and malignant nipple discharge.

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“…PND patients aged >50 years should be given high priority. These results were consistent with those in the literature (Dolan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective analysis of pathologic nipple discharge

Fan

2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Abnormal nipple discharge is most commonly caused by benign conditions like intraductal papillomas, duct ectasia, papillomatosis, mastitis, fibrocystic changes [6][7][8][9]. The incidence of breast cancer in patients presenting with abnormal nipple discharge is between 5% to 21% [2,3,10]. A majority of patients with breast cancer who manifest with isolated nipple discharge have an early stage disease associated with ductal carcinoma in situ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Value of Nipple Discharge and Serum Markers of Breast Cancer

Liang¹,

Mou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Mechanical Science and Engineering

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Abstract. Serum biomarkers are of diagnostic value and can be used for follow-up and prognostic factors. However, serum protein biomarkers show limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in stand-alone assays breast cancer because their levels refect tumor burden. In this study, we reviewed the levels of CA15-3, TSGF, CA125 and CEA both in nipple discharge and serum in 179 cases of breast lesions to assess the clinical value of nipple discharge and serum tumor markers in diagnosis, follow-up and prognostic in breast cancer. Our results indicate that the nipple discharge and serum levels of CA15-3, TSGF, CA125 and CEA in breast carcinomas patients were significantly higher than those in the benign disease (P<0.01). Aditionally, The levels of the four tumor markers in nipple discharge were significantly higher than in the serum (P<0.01). The levels of the four biomarkers in nipple discharge had positive correlation with histological grade, clinical stage, the Ki-67 index, expression of VEGF and HER-2/neu, lymphnode metastas and tumor recurrence (P<0.05, respectively), and negative correlation with the level of ER or PR (P<0.05, respectively). The sensitivity of the four serum tumor markes in combination was only 69.77%, in contrast, the combined detection both in discharge and serum was 97.67%, and the negative predictive value was 99.03%. The sensitivity of combined detection both in nipple discharge and serum were significantly higher than other detection (P<0.05). The four tumor markers in nipple discharge are as novel biomarker in dignosis and judging the prognosis of breast cancer. The dynamic combined detection of the four tumor markers both in nipple discharge and serum are helpful to the stratification of preoperative patients and benefit to better prewarning markers for monitoring their recurrence and metastasis of tumors in clinic, but cannot increase the sensitivity of judging the patients with early breast cancer.

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“…Although 95 % of nipple discharge is related to benign condition [2,4], it alarms the ladies who develop a fear of cancer. There is very little awareness of the general physicians and surgeons about the most common benign breast conditions causing non-sanguineous nipple discharge [4] such as duct ectasia (DE) and periductal mastitis (PDM). They are also the second most common cause of benign breast disorders next to breast cysts [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duct Ectasia and Periductal Mastitis in Indian Women

et al. 2014

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There is very little awareness of the general physicians and surgeons about the benign breast conditions such as duct ectasia (DE) and periductal mastitis (PDM) causing nipple discharge. Not only that these benign breast diseases ring a false alarm of cancer, they are also the second most common cause of benign breast diseases. The objective was to study the clinical and microbiological profiles of duct ectasia and periductal mastitis in Indian women for better understanding of the disease process, in order to be able to treat them well. Forty-one consecutive patients presenting to the Surgical Out-Patient Department with non-bloody nipple discharge with clinical and radiological features suggestive of DE or PDM were included. Microbial culture and cytopathological study of the nipple discharge were done. Histopathological studies and culture of the ductal tissue taken intraoperatively were carried out. There is no significant difference in the age distribution among women with DE and PDM. Smoking is not associated with DE and PDM of Indian patients in contrast to the Western literature evidence. Infective etiology was present in nearly 46 % of the patients in the study population more so in the periductal mastitis cases. The most common isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, unlike in Western population where nearly 50 % were anaerobes. Since the isolated organisms were resistant to the routinely used antibiotics in high proportion of cases, culture and sensitivity should be done in all possible cases for appropriately treating the subareolar sepsis before proceeding with the definitive treatment in the form of duct excision.

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Nipple discharge and the efficacy of duct cytology in evaluating breast cancer risk

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Retrospective analysis of pathologic nipple discharge

Retrospective analysis of pathologic nipple discharge

Clinical Value of Nipple Discharge and Serum Markers of Breast Cancer

Duct Ectasia and Periductal Mastitis in Indian Women

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