Nine Cycles of Recurrent Selection for Increased Groat‐Oil Content in Oat

Abstract

and range from 0.50 to 0.93 (Baker and McKenzie, 1972; Branson and Frey, 1989b;Brown et al., 1974; Increases in the groat (caryopsis)-oil content of oat (Avena sativa and Frey, 1991b). Genotype ϫ environment interaction L.) raise the energy value of oat grain. Nine cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection for high groat-oil content were conducted in a geneti-for groat-oil content is not a major component of its cally broad-based oat population that included germplasm from the phenotypic variance (Branson and Frey, 1989b; Gullord, wild relative A. sterilis L. Our objectives in this experiment were to 1986;Thro and Frey, 1985). Genotypic variation for determine if selection for high groat-oil content was effective and if groat-oil content has been observed among adapted culselection reduced genetic variation for oil content; to identify agrotivars (Brown and Craddock, 1972) and among wild nomically acceptable lines with high groat-oil content; and to docurelatives, including the progenitor species, A. sterilis ment the indirect effects of selection on grain yield, groat fraction, (Frey and Hammond, 1975;Martens et al., 1979). Aland oil yield. We evaluated 100 random lines from the base (C0) though the groat-oil content of wild Avena species does population and each of the nine selection cycle populations in three not exceed the levels found in domesticated oat (Rezai, (1985) reported that alleles for cycles of selection at a rate of 6.6 g kg Ϫ1 cycle Ϫ1 (equivalent to 6.7% of C0 population mean cycle Ϫ1 ) from a mean of 98.2 g kg Ϫ1 in C0 to higher oil content from A. sativa and A. sterilis are 158.5 g kg Ϫ1 in C9. The rate of gain from selection did not decrease complementary. Thus, by combining alleles for higher in later cycles. Oil yield increased at a rate equivalent to 1.9% of C0 oil content from the two species, development of oat population mean cycle Ϫ1 , while mean groat fraction did not change genotypes with higher groat-oil contents than any preand mean grain yield decreased at a rate equivalent to 3.2% of C0 viously reported in either species was facilitated (Thro population mean cycle Ϫ1 . For all traits, genetic variation did not deand Frey, 1985). environments. Mean groat-oil content increased linearly during nine 1977), Thro and Frey crease during selection cycles. Selected S 0 -derived lines from the popu-The abundance of genetic variation for oil content in lation with groat-oil contents Ͼ1 5 0gk g Ϫ1 exhibited lower yield, cultivated oat and interfertile wild hexaploid oat and greater lodging, and greater disease susceptibility compared with the the higher heritability of the trait permit relatively rapid best check cultivar.

Chemical composition of hulled, dehulled and naked oat grains

“…In contrast, Givens et al (2004) reported crude protein values of 93 g/kg DM for hulled oats and 120 g/kg DM for naked oats. Compared with other cereals, oat is unique in its high fat content (Frey & Holland, 1999). The results of the present study showed that the removal of hulls from oat grains significantly increased the fat content, which was confirmed by other authors (Brand et al, 2003;SykutDomańska et al, 2013).…”

Combining ability for grain chemistry quality traits in a white oat diallelic cross

“…An increase in the selection of grain chemical components has become a major trend in worldwide white oat grain breeding programs (Gullord 1980;Thro and Frey 1985;Lim et al 1992;Manthey et al 1999;Frey and Holland 1999;Ahokas and Manninen 2000;Loskutov 2000;Peterson et al 2005;Chernyshova et al 2007). Likewise, a similar trend is occuring in Brazil (Doehlert et al 2001;De Sá et al 1998;Gutkoski and Trombetta 1999;Pedó et al 1999;De Sá et al 2000;Beber et al 2002;Silva et al 2006Silva et al , 2008Crestani et al 2010).…”

Improving grain quality: ecophysiological and modeling tools to develop management and breeding strategies

“…Modern high-oil sunflower hybrids (47-53% oil; de la vega et al, 2007; izquierdo et al, 2008) have replaced low-oil varieties and hybrids (38-47% oil). For maize and oat, highoil hybrids (up to 20%) have been developed, although most current hybrids have 3.9-5.8% oil (Frey and Holland, 1999;dudley and Lambert, 2004). Genetic increase of grain oil concentration has been mainly achieved by increasing the proportion of tissue in which oil is stored (e.g.…”