Nilai-nilai toleransi hasil akulturasi budaya pada masjid Mantingan Jepara

Abstract

Masjid sebagai sentral kegiatan keagamaan umat Islam tidak hanya menyajikan keindahan hanya dari sisi Islam, melainkan umat di luar agama Islam turut serta mewarnai keindahan dari masjid Islam itu sendiri. Salah satunya terwujud pada bangunan masjid Mantingan di Jepara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menyelisik nilai-nilai toleransi dalam proses pembangunan masjid Mantingan, 2) mendeskripsikan akulturasi budaya pada Masjid Mantingan. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, sumber data berupa dokumen dan informan. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara terbuka dengan juru kunci dari makam sekaligus pengurus masjid Mantingan dan observasi berupa pengamatan dan pencatatan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya nilai toleransi yang sejak dulu telah diimplementasikan Ratu Kalinyamat sebagai pelopor berdirinya masjid Mantingan dengan Tji Wie Gwan. Seorang arsitektur Cina sekaligus Ayah angkat dari Sultan Hadirin yang memadukan akulturasi budaya pada bangunan masjid berupa ornamen batu yang dipahat. Ornamen tersebut hasil dari kesenian Cina. Adapun akulturasi budaya terlihat pada bentuk bangunan masjid yang diadopsi dari rumah Jawa serta adanya gapura yang berasal dari kebudayaan Buda dan Islam. Nilai toleransi yang ditemui ada pada proses sejarah pembangunan masjid tersebut di antaranya adalah nilai menghargai, kerjasama, gotong royong, tolong menolong dan tidak adanya diskriminasi antara Islam, Jawa dan Cina maupun Buda. Adapun akulturasi budaya dimunculkan pada bangunan Masjid Mantingan berupa ornamen, Candi Bentar, penyangga, bedug maupun kentongan serta atap yang bersusun tiga. The mosque, as the center of religious activities of Muslims, not only presents beauty from the side of Islam, but people outside the Islamic religion participate in coloring the beauty of the Islamic mosque itself. One of them is manifested in the Mantingan mosque building in Jepara. This study aims to describe the values of tolerance in culture and acculturation found in the Mantingan mosque building in Jepara. The research method uses qualitative descriptive data sources in the form of documents and informants. Data collection techniques include open interviews with caretakers from the tomb and Mantingan mosque administrators and observational observations in the form of observation and recording. Data analysis techniques using Miles and Huberman's interactive model. The results showed the value of tolerance that Queen Kalimat had long implemented as the pioneer of establishing the Mantingan mosque with Tji Wie Gwan. A Chinese architect and adoptive father of Sultan Hadirin who combines cultural acculturation in mosque buildings in the form of carved stone ornaments. The ornaments are the result of Chinese art. Cultural acculturation can be seen in mosque buildings adopted from Javanese houses and gates derived from Buddhist and Islamic cultures. The value of tolerance found in the historical process of building the mosque includes respect, cooperation, mutual assistance, help, and the absence of discrimination between Islam, Java, China, and Buddhism. Cultural acculturation is raised in the Mantingan Mosque building in ornaments, Bentar Temple, supports, bedug and kentongan, and a three-tiered roof.

Excursion as an Effective Model for Interreligious Literacy to Promote Moderate Culture in Plural Society

“…Normalita views this as a practical method of instilling and fostering values of tolerance through cultural acculturation. 7 However, Balinese society has a different social process for maintaining harmony among interreligious communities. The essence of Hinduism's teachings is bound and strongly reflected in socio-cultural life, which can be observed in various dimensions of life such as religion, language, social organization, livelihood systems, and others.…”