In this brief article, we review the evidence on whether easier access to vaping could help lower smoking rates in Australia. To make a convincing case for vaping the following conditions need to be met: that vaping assists in smoking cessation; that the prevalence of vaping is high enough to produce measurable effects at a population level; and that the decline in smoking prevalence is slower in countries where vaping is less common. The evidence suggests that these criteria are satisfied. [Mendelsohn C, Hall W, Borland R. Could vaping help lower smoking rates in Australia? Drug Alcohol Rev 2020;39:415-418]