Nicotine or tar titration in cigarette smoking behavior?

Hasenfratz, M.; Baldinger, Beatrice; Bättig, K.

doi:10.1007/bf02244919

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Use of cigarettes with very low nicotine content seem to result in genuine reductions in nicotine delivery and attenuate physiological effects of nicotine, such as increases in heart rate and EEG activity (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). De-nicotinized cigarettes have also been found to reduce symptoms of nicotine withdrawal normally associated with tobacco abstinence (11,15,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…De-nicotinized cigarettes have also been found to reduce symptoms of nicotine withdrawal normally associated with tobacco abstinence (11,15,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). It has been hypothesized that inhaling smoke with substantially reduced levels of nicotine may provide sensorimotor cues that moderate the craving for cigarettes and facilitate nicotine withdrawal (24).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 43%

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Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes: Smoking Behavior and Biomarkers of Exposure among Smokers Not Intending to Quit

Hammond

O’Connor

2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: The U.S. FDA has the authority to limit the nicotine content of cigarettes; however, there are concerns that reduced nicotine cigarettes will be smoked more intensely and, therefore, will increase exposure to toxic chemicals in smoke. This study examined changes in consumer behavior and exposure in response to cigarettes with substantially reduced nicotine content.Methods: Seventy-two adult smokers completed an unblinded trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes. Participants completed a 7-day baseline period during which they smoked their usual cigarette brand, followed by consecutive 7-day periods smoking cigarettes with progressively lower nicotine levels (0.6, 0.3, and 0.05 mg emission Quest cigarettes). Nicotine dependence and withdrawal, smoking behavior, and biomarkers of exposure were assessed for each 7-day period.Results: Significant reductions in nicotine intake were observed between usual brand smoking ($1.2 mg nicotine) and the 0.3 and 0.05 mg nicotine emission cigarettes, but not the 0.6 mg cigarette. The findings provide little evidence of compensatory smoking of Quest cigarettes, with no increases in exhaled breath carbon monoxide levels, smoking intensity, or levels of 1-hydroxypyrene across study periods. No significant differences were observed for smoking urges or measures of nicotine dependence.Conclusions: The study adds to the evidence that cigarettes with markedly reduced nicotine content are not associated with increased smoking intensity or exposure to smoke toxicants.Impact: The findings add to the evidence base on reduced nicotine content cigarettes and have the potential to inform FDA policy on nicotine levels. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2032-40. Ó2014 AACR.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes: Smoking Behavior and Biomarkers of Exposure among Smokers Not Intending to Quit

Hammond

O’Connor

2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Hasenfratz et al [4] recorded EEG before and after smoking each of two cigarettes in three sessions. The cigarettes used in each session were (a) participant's usual brand (average 0.81 mg nicotine yield), (b) an 'ultralight' (0.22 mg) cigarette, and (c) a denicotinized cigarette (0.08 mg).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 46%

EEG Effects of Smoking: Is There Tachyphylaxis?

Houlihan

Pritchard²,

Robinson³

2001

Neuropsychobiology

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Smoking generally affects the human EEG by reducing low-frequency activity and increasing higher-frequency activity. Using a double-blind design, we sought to determine if acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) to this effect can be observed. EEG was recorded in overnight-abstaining participants before and after smoking three cigarettes at 40-min intervals in two separate sessions. In one session (‘short interval’), all three cigarettes had ‘typical’ nicotine yields (1.1 mg, FTC method). In the other session (‘long interval’), the second cigarette had a very low nicotine yield (0.05 mg; thus making the interval between 1.1-mg cigarettes 80 min). Eyes-closed alpha power decreased and eyes-open beta-2 power increased following smoking each of the ‘typical-yield’ cigarettes but not the low-yield cigarettes. The decrease in alpha power after smoking the ‘typical-yield’ cigarette at the 40- and 80-min intervals was less than that following the first cigarette of the day, indicating tachyphylaxis. In contrast, the increase in eyes-open beta-2 power did not differ among cigarettes regardless of the order or interval between ‘typical-yield’ cigarettes. EEG changes in other frequency bands produced by smoking the first cigarette of the day were not consistent across sessions, making interpretation in terms of tachyphylaxis somewhat problematic. Overall, lower-frequency alpha activity displayed patterns consistent with tachyphylaxis while beta-2 did not.

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“…It was postulated that nicotine would decrease PPI during the first five minutes after smoking high nicotine cigarettes as compared to control cigarettes. Based on prior research showing changes in craving, satisfaction, and other subjective variables after smoking high nicotine cigarettes (e.g., Hasenfratz et al 1993;Baldinger et al 1995;Rose and Behm 1995), a secondary objective was to examine After smoking each cigarette, participants received a 5-min block of startle trials that consisted of six pulse alone and six prepulse trials. Prior to the assessment, participants were told that they would hear a series of loud and abrupt bursts of static over the headphones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%