Nicotine on the Revascularization of Bone Graft

Daftari, Tapan K.; Whitesides, Thomas E.; Heller, John G.; Goodrich, Alan; McCarey, Bernard E.; Hutton, William

doi:10.1097/00007632-199404150-00007

Cited by 202 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…Situations which classically exhibit compromised endothelial function and angiogenesis are well recognized in contributing to the significant complications of delayed fracture healing and atrophic non-union. These include diabetes mellitius, [7][8][9][10] hypercholesterolaemia, 11 smoking, 12,13 and advancing age. 14,15 The recent recognition that vasculogenesis, a process by which bone marrow stem cells committed to the vascular endothelial lineage, termed endothelial precursor cells (EPC), can migrate from bone marrow to a developing neovasculature, in adults, has stimulated much interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilization of endothelial precursor cells: Systemic vascular response to musculoskeletal trauma

Laing

Dillon

Condon

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Postnatal vasculogenesis, the process by which vascular committed bone marrow stem cells or endothelial precursor cells (EPC) migrate, differentiate, and incorporate into the nacent endothelium contributing to physiological and pathological neovascularization, has stimulated much interest. Its contribution to tumor nonvascularization, wound healing, and revascularization associated with skeletal and cardiac muscles ischaemia is established. We evaluated the mobilization of EPCs in response to musculoskeletal trauma. Blood from patients (n ¼ 15) following AO type 42a1 closed diaphyseal tibial fractures was analyzed for CD34 and AC133 cell surface marker expression. Immunomagnetically enriched CD34þ mononuclear cell (MNC CD34þ ) populations were cultured and examined for phenotypic and functional vascular endothelial differentiation. Circulating MNC CD34þ levels increased sevenfold by day 3 postinjury. Circulating MNC AC133þ increased 2.5-fold. Enriched MNC CD34þ populations from day 3 samples in culture exhibited cell cluster formation with sprouting spindles. These cells bound UEA-1 and incorporated fluorescent DiI-Ac-LDL intracellularily. Our findings suggest a systemic provascular response is initiated in response to musculoskeletal trauma. Its therapeutic manipulation may have implications for the potential enhancement of fracture healing. ß

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilization of endothelial precursor cells: Systemic vascular response to musculoskeletal trauma

Laing

Dillon

Condon

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…In particular, nicotine has been shown to negatively affect bone healing. 4,12,18,21,22,38,39 Studies of the lumbar spine have demonstrated that smokers have lower rates of fusion as well as poorer clinical outcomes. 6,21 These findings have also been documented in smokers undergoing multilevel anterior cervical decompression and fusion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does smoking have an impact on fusion rate in single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with allograft and rigid plate fixation?

Luszczyk¹,

Smith

Fischgrund³

et al. 2013

SPI

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Object Although smoking has been shown to negatively affect fusion rates in patients undergoing multilevel fusions of the cervical and lumbar spine, the effect of smoking on fusion rates in patients undergoing single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with allograft and plate fixation has yet to be thoroughly investigated. The objective of the present study was to address the effect of smoking on fusion rates in patients undergoing a 1-level ACDF with allograft and a locked anterior cervical plate. Methods This study is composed of patients from the control groups of 5 separate studies evaluating the use of an anterior cervical disc replacement to treat cervical radiculopathy. For each of the 5 studies the control group consisted of patients who underwent a 1-level ACDF with allograft and a locked cervical plate. The authors of the present study reviewed data obtained in a total of 573 patients; 156 patients were smokers and 417 were nonsmokers. A minimum follow-up period of 24 months was required for inclusion in this study. Fusion status was assessed by independent observers using lateral, neutral, and flexion/extension radiographs. Results An overall fusion rate of 91.4% was achieved in all 573 patients. A solid fusion was shown in 382 patients (91.6%) who were nonsmokers. Among patients who were smokers, 142 (91.0%) had radiographic evidence of a solid fusion. A 2-tailed Fisher exact test revealed a p value of 0.867, indicating no difference in the union rates between smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusions The authors found no statistically significant difference in fusion status between smokers and nonsmokers who underwent a single-level ACDF with allograft and a locked anterior cervical plate. Although the authors do not promote tobacco use, it appears that the use of allograft with a locked cervical plate in single-level ACDF among smokers produces similar fusion rates as it does in their nonsmoking counterparts.

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“…Nonunion rates reported for PLF in the lumbar spine vary from 0 to 60% [9,10,14,15,20,32,39]. Factors that influence fusion healing include the disease for which the fusion was indicated, type of graft used, number of levels fused, fusion technique, presence of instrumentation, smoking habits, and drugs the patients receive [7,10,13,17,29,34,35]. PLF is usually done in older patients, who may be receiving treatment with bisphosphonates (BP), but limited data are available on BP action on spinal fusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a single dose of pamidronate administered at the time of surgery in a rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion model

et al. 2010

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Spinal fusion is usually performed on patients who receive bisphosphonates (BP); however, limited data on their action on spinal fusion are available. Previous studies in animal models have shown that chronic administrations of BP reduced spinal fusion rates, and only one study has shown that a single dose administration of zolendronic acid increased fusion rate. The objective of the present study was to evaluate if pamidronate (PA), which was previously demonstrated to reduce spinal fusion rate when administered continuously for 8 weeks, would increase the spinal fusion rate if administered in a single dose at the time of surgery in a rabbit model. Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits underwent an L5-L6 posterolateral intertransverse fusion with iliac crest autograft. Animals were randomized to receive either PA 3 mg/kg in a single dose immediately after surgery, or normal saline. Animals were killed 8 weeks after surgery and fusion was determined by manual palpation and radiographic analysis. Fusion healing was obtained in eight rabbits (50%) in the PA group and in four animals (25%) in the control group, p = 0.137. In a rabbit model, a single dose of PA did not decrease lumbar spinal arthrodesis consolidation rates, but it obtained a nonsignificant higher spinal fusion rate.

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Nicotine on the Revascularization of Bone Graft

Cited by 202 publications

References 0 publications

Mobilization of endothelial precursor cells: Systemic vascular response to musculoskeletal trauma

Mobilization of endothelial precursor cells: Systemic vascular response to musculoskeletal trauma

Does smoking have an impact on fusion rate in single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with allograft and rigid plate fixation?

Effect of a single dose of pamidronate administered at the time of surgery in a rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion model

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