Nicotine increases sucrose self‐administration and seeking in rats

Grimm, Jeffrey W.; Ratliff, Christine; North, Kindsey; Barnes, Jesse; Collins, Stefan

doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00436.x

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The reduction in latencies following nicotine administration (Figure 4, left) thus suggests that nicotine enhanced the reinforcing efficacy of sucrose pellets. These data are consistent with reports of nicotine-induced enhancement of reinforcer efficacy for appetitive reinforcers or food-related cues (see Donny et al 2011) in both rats (Grimm et al 2012; Raiff and Dallery 2006; Wing and Shoaib 2010) and humans (Epstein et al 1992; Perkins 1992). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Detrimental effects of acute nicotine on the response-withholding performance of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

et al. 2014

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Rationale Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, which may be related to potential therapeutic effects of nicotine on ADHD symptoms. Whereas nicotine offers robust improvements in sustained attention, the effects of nicotine on impulsivity are unclear. Objectives The present study examined the effects of nicotine on the response inhibition capacity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an animal model of ADHD, compared to that of a normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) using the Fixed Minimum Interval (FMI) schedule of reinforcement. Methods Tests were conducted following acute injections of subcutaneous nicotine (0.1 – 0.6 mg/kg). On each FMI trial, the first lever press initiated an inter-response time (IRT); a head entry into a food receptacle terminated the IRT. IRTs longer than 6 s were intermittently reinforced with sucrose. Results A model that assumes that only a proportion of IRTs are sensitive to the timing contingencies of the FMI provided a close fit to the data, regardless of strain or treatment. No baseline difference in FMI performance was observed between SHR and WKY. Nicotine reduced the duration of timed IRTs and the duration of latencies to the IRT-initiating lever press similarly for both strains. Nicotine dose-dependently increased the proportion of timed IRTs; the dose-response curve was shifted leftwards in SHR relative to WKY. Conclusions These results suggest that nicotine (a) reduces response-inhibition capacity (b) enhances the reinforcement efficacy of sucrose, and (c) dose-dependently enhances attention-like sensitivity to contingencies of reinforcement, through mechanisms that are yet unknown.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Detrimental effects of acute nicotine on the response-withholding performance of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

et al. 2014

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“…Numerous studies have shown that acute noncontingent nicotine administration increases responding for sucrose under fixed-ratio [84] and progressive-ratio schedules during limited access to nicotine [85–87]. In contrast, NSA in the present study only produced a transient decrease in sucrose intake.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

The effects of nicotine self-administration and withdrawal on concurrently available chow and sucrose intake in adult male rats

Bunney

Burroughs

Hernandez

et al. 2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Carbohydrate intake, preference, and taste thresholds may be altered in current and former cigarette smokers, which may mediate weight gain and risk for obesity in individuals who quit smoking. Attempts to model these effects in rodents have primarily used noncontingent nicotine administration. The purpose of this research was to characterize changes in chow and sucrose intake in rats during a 23-h access model of i.v. nicotine self-administration (NSA), in which rats lever-pressed for chow, sucrose, and nicotine under concurrent fixed-ratio (FR) 1 schedules. Male rats were assigned to one of three groups that differed in food and drug availability. The Nicotine C+S group had concurrent access to nicotine, chow, and sucrose. The Saline C+S group had access to saline, chow, and sucrose. The Nicotine C-Only group had access to nicotine and chow, but not sucrose. Changes in food intake and weight gain were assessed during baseline, NSA, and nicotine withdrawal (i.e., saline extinction). Weight gain was significantly slowed during NSA and increased during withdrawal, but did not differ between the nicotine groups. NSA produced a significant decrease in both chow and sucrose intake. Gradual tolerance to nicotine’s effects on sucrose, but not chow intake, occurred. During withdrawal, chow and sucrose intake increased, with a larger percent increase in sucrose intake compared to chow. The proportion of total food intake from sucrose was greater at the end of withdrawal compared to baseline, indicating a history of nicotine intake changed dietary preference. Combined, these results indicate that sucrose intake is more resistant to nicotine’s appetite suppressant effects and withdrawal from nicotine produces a greater increase in sweet food intake alongside general increases in chow intake. Changes in overall food intake in current and ex-smokers may lead to increased risk for obesity and other health problems, potentially limiting the benefit of quitting smoking.

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“…We compared the magnitude of “incubation of saccharin craving” shown in this study to “incubation of sucrose craving” shown in a previous experiment (Grimm, Ratliff, North, Barnes, & Collins, 2012). The procedure used in the previous experiment was identical to the present experiment except for the following four differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We compared the magnitude of “incubation of saccharin craving” shown in this study to “incubation of sucrose craving” shown in a previous experiment (Grimm, Ratliff, North, Barnes, & Collins, 2012). The effects of reinforcers (saccharin vs. sucrose) and forced abstinence period on active lever responses, inactive lever responses, cue-presentations, and photobeam breaks in the testing phase were evaluated by two-way ANOVAs using REINFORCERS (saccharin or sucrose) and ABSTINENCE-DAYS (Day 1 or Day 30) as between-group factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Incubation of saccharin craving and within-session changes in responding for a cue previously associated with saccharin

Aoyama¹,

Barnes²,

Grimm³

2014

Appetite

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Time-dependent increases in cue-induced sucrose seeking after forced abstinence have been described in rats with a history of sucrose self-administration, suggesting sucrose craving “incubates”. In the present study, we examined whether the incubation of craving generalizes to the artificial sweetener, saccharin. Thirty-one male Long-Evans rats lever pressed for 0.3% saccharin solution 1 h/day for 10 days. On either Day 1 or 30 of forced abstinence, rats responded for 1 h for presentation of a tone + light cue previously presented with every saccharin delivery during self-administration training. Rats responded more during this cue-reactivity test session following 30 vs. 1 day of forced abstinence (“incubation of craving”). This result is the first demonstration of the “incubation of saccharin craving” and suggests that a post-ingestive caloric consequence of self-administration is not a necessary condition for the development of incubation of sucrose craving. We also examined the time course (within-session decreases) of active-lever responding during the 1-h cue-reactivity test session. Rats in the Day 30 group responded more than rats in the Day 1 group from the beginning of the test session. In addition, within-session decreases in responding were shallower in slope in the Day 30 than the Day 1 group. These results indicate that “incubation of saccharin craving” enhances the persistence of seeking behavior.

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Nicotine increases sucrose self‐administration and seeking in rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Detrimental effects of acute nicotine on the response-withholding performance of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

Detrimental effects of acute nicotine on the response-withholding performance of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

The effects of nicotine self-administration and withdrawal on concurrently available chow and sucrose intake in adult male rats

Incubation of saccharin craving and within-session changes in responding for a cue previously associated with saccharin

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