Nicotine Impairs Spatial Working Memory while Leaving Spatial Attention Intact

Park, Sohee; Knopick, Christopher; McGurk, Susan R.; Meltzer, Herbert Y.

doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00098-6

Cited by 58 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Thus Ernst et al (2001) reported no difference in performance between abstaining-and ex-smokers, despite differential patterns of regional brain activity; whilst in direct contradiction to the present data, Park et al (2000) found that smoking a single cigarette after 24 hour abstinence had an adverse effect on SWM in regular smokers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Using a spatial working memory (SWM) task designed specifically to tap PFC function, Park et al (2000) found smokers to show superior performance after 24…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impairments of selected 'other' executive functions, specifically: (a) performance on the spatial working memory (SWM) task developed by Park et al (2000); (b) accuracy on the CPT task (indexed by dprime), which taps the ability to discriminate targets from distractors ('catch' stimuli) and has a strong working memory component; and (c) verbal fluency, a widely used index of volitional response generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A double-blind placebo-controlled experimental study of nicotine: II—Effects on response inhibition and executive functioning

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Using a spatial working memory (SWM) task designed specifically to tap PFC function, Park et al (2000) found smokers to show superior performance after 24…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A double-blind placebo-controlled experimental study of nicotine: II—Effects on response inhibition and executive functioning

et al. 2007

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“…Although several studies have demonstrated that smoking or nicotine can improve working memory in tobacco-deprived or nondeprived smokers (Ernst et al, 2001;Grobe et al, 1998) and in nonsmokers (Kumari et al, 2003;McClernon et al, 2003), our results are in agreement with others who reported no nicotine-associated improvement in working memory (Kleykamp et al, 2005;Myers et al, 2004;Park et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Some studies reported enhanced working memory following nicotine administration to nonsmokers (Foulds et al, 1996;Kumari et al, 2003;McClernon et al, 2003) and former smokers and abstinent smokers (Ernst et al, 2001). In contrast, other studies reported that nicotine either had no effect (Heishman et al, 1993;Kleykamp et al, 2005;Myers et al, 2004) or impaired working memory (Park et al, 2000). Heishman and Henningfield (2000) found that nicotine gum enhanced speed, but decreased working memory accuracy in nonsmokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Myers

Taylor

Moolchan

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

126

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The discovery of the role of nicotinic receptors in attention and memory has led to the testing of nicotinic analogs as cognitive enhancing agents in patient populations. Empirical information about nicotine's ability to enhance elements of attention and memory in normal individuals might guide development of therapeutic uses of nicotine in cognitively impaired populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on continuous attention, working memory, and computational processing in tobacco-deprived and nondeprived smokers. A total of 28 smokers (14 men, 14 women) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study, in which they were overnight (12 h) tobacco deprived at one session and smoked ad libitum before the other session. At each session, participants received 0, 1, and 2 mg nicotine via nasal spray in random order at 90 min intervals. Before and after each dose, a battery of cognitive, subjective, and physiological measures was administered, and blood samples were taken for plasma nicotine concentration. Overnight tobacco deprivation resulted in impaired functioning on all cognitive tests and increased self-reports of tobacco craving and negative mood; nicotine normalized these deficits. In the nondeprived condition, nicotine enhanced performance on the continuous performance test (CPT) and an arithmetic test in a dose-related manner, but had no effect on working memory. In general, women were more sensitive than men to the subjective effects of nicotine. These results provide an unequivocal determination that nicotine enhanced attentional and computational abilities in nondeprived smokers and suggest these cognitive domains as substrates for novel therapeutic indications.

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Effects of Moderate-Dose Treatment With Varenicline on Neurobiological and Cognitive Biomarkers in Smokers and Nonsmokers With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder

Hong¹,

Thaker

McMahon

et al. 2011

Arch Gen Psychiatry

110

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Context Nicotine administration transiently improves many neurobiological and cognitive functions in schizophrenia. It is not yet clear which nAChR subtype(s) is responsible for these seemingly pervasive nicotinic effects in schizophrenia. Objective α4β2 is a key nAChR subtype for nicotinic actions. We investigated the effect of varenicline, a relatively specific α4β2 partial agonist/antagonist, on key biomarkers that are associated with schizophrenia and are previously shown to be responsive to nicotinic challenge in humans. Design double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo controlled trial in schizophrenia patients to examine effects of varenicline on biomarkers at short-term (2 week) and long-term (8 week), using a slow titration and moderate dosing strategy for retaining α4β2 specific effect while minimizing side effects. Setting Outpatients. Participants 69 smoking and nonsmoking patients randomized; 64 completed week 2; 59 completed week 8. Intervention(s) varenicline. Main Outcome Measure(s) prepulse inhibition, sensory gating, antisaccade, spatial working memory, eyetracking, processing speed, and sustained attention. Results Moderate dose of varenicline 1) reduced P50 sensory gating deficit after a long-term (p=0.006) but not short-term treatment; significant in nonsmokers but not in smokers; 2) reduced startle reactivity (p=0.015) regardless of baseline smoking status; and 3) improved executive function by reducing antisaccade error rate (p=0.034) regardless of smoking status. Moderate dose varenicline had no significant effect on spatial working memory, predictive and maintenance pursuit, processing speed, or sustained attention by Connor’s CPT. Clinically, there was no evidence of exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, psychosis, depression, or suicidality using a gradual titration, 1 mg daily dose. Conclusions Moderate dose varenicline has a unique treatment profile on core schizophrenia related biomarkers. Further development is warranted for specific nAChR compounds and dosing/duration strategy to target subgroup of schizophrenia patients with specific biological deficits. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00492349

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Nicotine Impairs Spatial Working Memory while Leaving Spatial Attention Intact

Cited by 58 publications

References 32 publications

A double-blind placebo-controlled experimental study of nicotine: II—Effects on response inhibition and executive functioning

A double-blind placebo-controlled experimental study of nicotine: II—Effects on response inhibition and executive functioning

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Effects of Moderate-Dose Treatment With Varenicline on Neurobiological and Cognitive Biomarkers in Smokers and Nonsmokers With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder

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