Nicotine hapten structure, antibody selectivity and effect relationships: Results from a nicotine vaccine screening procedure

Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency

“…Such combinations include KLH conjugates with QS21 for cancer antigen (GD3; ganglioside) [238], with Freund's adjuvant for influenza virus A M2 peptide [269], and with other adjuvants for cancer antigens (MUC1 and GD3) [237,244]. The structure of linkers between hapten/antigen and KLH carrier protein may have a significant effect on the immunogenicity and selectivity of the conjugated vaccine [270].…”

Avances en el desarrollo de productos biológicos para el tratamiento de la adicción a las drogas y las sobredosis

“…This is a nicotine immunoconjugate IP18-KLH that prevents the access of nicotine to the brain and has demonstrated to reduce the increase in dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens induced by nicotine as well as the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in rats. It has also been found that IP18-KLH not only did not precipitate but also ameliorate nicotine withdrawal in rats (de Villiers et al, 2010;de Villiers et al, 2002). Therefore, individuals treated with IP18-KLH may even have milder nicotine withdrawal symptoms when they quit smoking.…”

Evaluation of adjuvants for a candidate conjugate vaccine against benzo[a]pyrene

“…5,6 Although natural antibodies against environmental carcinogens have been described in references 7-11, the biological consequences of such antibodies have only recently been investigated. 12,13 Hapten-specific antibodies against biologically active low molecular weight compounds have been widely applied as therapeutic agents to reverse their pharmacological effects, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] but their use as immunoprophylactic agents has only recently gained some interest. 12,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Several candidate vaccines against nicotine and cotinine, its major metabolite, have been developed and are in clinical trials.…”

“…12,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Several candidate vaccines against nicotine and cotinine, its major metabolite, have been developed and are in clinical trials. 14,22,[30][31][32][33] We have developed an experimental vaccine based on B[a]P conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) or diphtheria toxoid (DT) as carrier proteins, that induces high levels of antibodies against this carcinogen. 26 Our earlier work demonstrated that antibodies derived against low molecular weight carcinogens protect cells in vitro by a number of expected and unexpected mechanisms against adverse effects of carcinogens.…”