Nicotine Enhances Footshock- and Lithium Chloride-Conditioned Place Avoidance in Male Rats

Buffalari, Deanne M.; Mollica, Julianna K.; Smith, Tracy T.; Schassburger, Rachel L.; Rinaman, Linda; Thiels, Edda; Donny, Eric C.; Sved, Alan F.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw098

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…This dose has been shown to produce blood levels similar to those following smoking in humans. In addition, doses at or near 0.4 mg/kg nicotine are commonly used doses for preclinical behavioral studies of nicotine (Ahsan et al, 2014; Buffalari et al, 2016; Casarrubea et al, 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine produces long-term increases in cocaine reinforcement in adolescent but not adult rats

Reed

Izenwasser

2017

Brain Research

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Studies have shown that many smokers begin using nicotine during adolescence, yet the influence of early nicotine use on the response to other drugs of abuse in adulthood is not fully understood. In the current study, nicotine was administered to adolescent and adult rats for seven days. Thirty days later, cocaine-induced locomotor activity and cocaine self-administration were examined when the rats pretreated as adolescents were adults. Rats exposed to nicotine during early adolescence were sensitized thirty days later to the locomotor-activating effects of cocaine and self-administered a greater number of cocaine infusions than adolescent rats pretreated with vehicle. As a result of this increased intake, the cocaine self-administration dose-response curve was shifted upward indicating an increase in cocaine reinforcement. Rats pretreated with nicotine as adults, however, did not show a difference in locomotor activity or cocaine self-administration thirty days later compared to adult rats pretreated with vehicle. These findings suggest that early exposure to nicotine has long-term consequences on cocaine use. These data further suggest that nicotine use may carry a greater risk during adolescence than adulthood and adolescents who smoke may be particularly vulnerable to stimulant use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine produces long-term increases in cocaine reinforcement in adolescent but not adult rats

Reed

Izenwasser

2017

Brain Research

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“…However, CPP chambers can be used to measure the conditioned aversive properties of a stimulus; this is conditioned place aversion (CPA). CPA is often achieved by pairing a drug such as lithium to a compartment ( Cunningham and Niehus, 1993 ; Frisch et al, 1995 ; Longoni et al, 2011 ; Buffalari et al, 2016 ) or delivering a foot shock when the animal is in a specific compartment ( Buffalari et al, 2016 ; Barker et al, 2022 ). CPA is primarily quantified by comparing the time spent in the CS + during the posttest to the time spent in the CS + compartment at pretest ( Longoni et al, 2011 ; Buffalari et al, 2016 ; Arakaki and Minami, 2022 ; Peczely et al, 2022 ; Rezaei et al, 2022 ), but some studies compare the time spent in the CS + compartment to the time spent in the CS – compartment ( Li et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying conditioned place preference: a review of current analyses and a proposal for a novel approach

Yates

2023

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Conditioned place preference (CPP) is used to measure the conditioned rewarding effects of a stimulus, including food, drugs, and social interaction. Because various analytic approaches can be used to quantify CPP, this can make direct comparisons across studies difficult. Common methods for analyzing CPP involve comparing the time spent in the CS+ compartment (e.g., compartment paired with drug) at posttest to the time spent in the CS+ compartment at pretest or to the CS– compartment (e.g., compartment paired with saline) at posttest. Researchers can analyze the time spent in the compartment(s), or they can calculate a difference score [(CS+post – CS+pre) or (CS+post – CS–post)] or a preference ratio (e.g., CS+post/(CS+post + CS–post)). While each analysis yields results that are, overall, highly correlated, there are situations in which different analyses can lead to discrepant interpretations. The current paper discusses some of the limitations associated with current analytic approaches and proposes a novel method for quantifying CPP, the adjusted CPP score, which can help resolve the limitations associated with current approaches. The adjusted CPP score is applied to both hypothetical and previously published data. Another major topic covered in this paper is methodologies for determining if individual subjects have met criteria for CPP. The paper concludes by highlighting ways in which researchers can increase transparency and replicability in CPP studies.

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“…Overall, flood-CPA is a promising tool to explore conditioned aversive responses and their neural substrates. To date, the CPA phenomenon has been mostly studied by pairing a context with the emetic effects of LiCl 9 , 17 , 44 – 47 . However, the interpretation of LiCl-CPA data can be inconclusive, as LiCl per se was shown to interfere with neuronal mechanisms involved in memory processing, such as NMDA receptor 11 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) 48 signaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood-conditioned place aversion as a novel non-pharmacological aversive learning procedure in mice

Goltseker

Barak

2018

Sci Rep

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The place conditioning paradigm is an efficient, widely-used method to study mechanisms that underlie appetitive or aversive learning and memory processes. However, pharmacological agents used to induce conditioned place preference (CPP) or aversion (CPA) can per se interfere with learning and memory processing, hence confounding the results. Therefore, non-pharmacological place conditioning procedures are of high importance. Here, we introduce a novel procedure for induction of CPA in mice, by water flooding. We found that pairing a context with immersion in moderately cold shallow water resulted in aversion and avoidance of that context during a place preference test. Importantly, place aversion emerged only when mice experienced the onset of flood during conditioning training, but not when mice were placed in a compartment pre-filled with water. We also found that warm water was not sufficiently aversive to induce CPA. Moreover, CPA was observed after two or three context-flood pairings but not after one or four pairings, suggesting that moderate conditioning intensity produces optimal CPA expression. Thus, flood-induced CPA is a simple, cheap, and efficient procedure to form and measure place aversion memories in mice, using an ethologically-relevant threat.

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Nicotine Enhances Footshock- and Lithium Chloride-Conditioned Place Avoidance in Male Rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Nicotine produces long-term increases in cocaine reinforcement in adolescent but not adult rats

Nicotine produces long-term increases in cocaine reinforcement in adolescent but not adult rats

Quantifying conditioned place preference: a review of current analyses and a proposal for a novel approach

Flood-conditioned place aversion as a novel non-pharmacological aversive learning procedure in mice

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