Nicotine enhances cerebral glucose utilization in central components of the rat visual system

London, Edythe D.; Dam, Mauro; Fanelli, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/0361-9230(88)90067-6

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…6 Monotonous time e¤ects in non-smoking subjects (group B) Maximum intensity projection of the SPM(Z) maps depicting signiÞcant positive (upper row) and negative (lower row) changes in rCBF attributed to time (P < 0.05 following correction for multiple comparisons). For details see Table 1 Our Þndings corroborate previous reports that nicotine selectively increases rCBF in discrete areas of the visual system and subcortical areas (London et al 1988;McNamara et al 1990;Grünwald et al 1991). The activation in the superior part of the occipital lobe (BA 18,19) is localized in a region of the extrastriatal visual cortex that is functionally integrated with both the ventral and dorsal visual pathways (de Jong et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cerebral effects of nicotine during cognition in smokers and non-smokers

Ghatan¹,

Ingvar²,

Eriksson³

et al. 1998

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the smoker, nicotine has a positive effect on attention, cognition and mood. Conversely, nicotine abstinence is characterized by uncomfortable psychological effects such as impaired attention, but also irritability. We postulated that nicotine exerts an effect on cerebral areas important for attention and mood. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as an index for cerebral activity, was measured in both smokers and non-smokers. They were scanned during performance of a psychometric task with and without i.v. infusion of nicotine (1-methyl-2-[3-pyridyll] pyrrolidine). Nicotine induced rCBF decreases in the anterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellum, and concomitant increases in the occipital cortex. The changes were similar in nature and magnitude in smokers and non-smokers. Thus, specific changes were induced in areas pertaining to the anterior attention system and to higher order visual cortex. We conclude that these effects on cerebral activity provide insights into the desired positive effects of nicotine on cognition as well as the negative effects experienced during nicotine abstinence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cerebral effects of nicotine during cognition in smokers and non-smokers

Ghatan¹,

Ingvar²,

Eriksson³

et al. 1998

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The nAChR staining indicates a role for nicotinic receptors in nBOR, similarly to what has been described for the rat medial terminal nucleus of the AOS (Swanson et al, 1987). Nicotine has recently been shown to increase the metabolic activity of rat visual neurons (London et al, 1988). It is important to note in this context that at least 40% of the retinal displaced ganglion cells projecting to the chick nBOR contain nAChRs .…”

Section: Classical Transmitters and Receptorssupporting

confidence: 72%

Neurotransmitters, receptors, and neuropeptides in the accessory optic system: An immunohistochemical survey in the pigeon (Columba livia)

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to survey the distribution of several conventional transmitters, receptors, and neuropeptides in the pigeon nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR), a component of the accessory optic system. Amongst the conventional neurotransmitters/modulators, the most intense labeling of fibers/terminals within the nBOR was obtained with antisera directed against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and serotonin (5-HT). Moderately dense fiber plexuses were seen to label with antibodies directed against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). GAD-like immunoreactivity (GAD-LI) was found in many small and medium-sized perikarya within the nBOR. Some of the medium-sized cells were occasionally positive for ChAT-LI. Cell body and dendritic staining was also commonly seen with the two tested antisera against receptors -anti-GABA-A receptor and anti-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.The antisera directed against various neuropeptides produced only fiber labeling within the nBOR. The densest fiber plexus staining was observed with antiserum against neuropeptide Y (NPY-LI), while intermediate fiber densities were seen for substance P (SP-LI) and cholecystokinin (CCK-L1). A few varicose fibers were labeled with antisera against neurotensin (NT), leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK), and the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).Unilateral enucleation produced an almost complete elimination of TH-L1 in the contralateral nBOR. SP-LI and CCK-LI were also decreased after enucleation. No apparent changes were seen for all other substances.These results indicate that a wide variety of chemically-specific systems arborize within the nBOR. Three of the immunohistochemically defined fiber systems (TH-LI, SP-LI, and CCK-LI fibers) were reduced after removal of the retina, which may indicate the presence of these substances in retinal ganglion cells. In contrast, the fibers exhibiting ChAT-LI, GAD-LI, 5-HT-LI, NPY-LI, NT-LI, L-ENK-LI, and VIP-LI appear to be of nonretinal origin. Two different populations of nBOR neurons exhibited GAD-LI and ChAT-LI. However, these two populations together constituted only about 20% of the nBOR neurons.

show abstract

“…London et al (London et al, 1988b;London et al, 1988a Table 3 Functional imaging studies of the effects of nicotine or cigarette smoking on the dopamine (DA) system…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional brain imaging of tobacco use and dependence

Brody

2006

Journal of Psychiatric Research

176

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While most cigarette smokers endorse a desire to quit smoking, only about 14% to 49% will achieve abstinence after 6 months or more of treatment. A greater understanding of the effects of smoking on brain function may (in conjunction with other lines of research) result in improved pharmacological (and behavioral) interventions. Many research groups have examined the effects of acute and chronic nicotine/cigarette exposure on brain activity using functional imaging; the purpose of this paper is to synthesize findings from such studies and present a coherent model of brain function in smokers. Responses to acute administration of nicotine/smoking include: a reduction in global brain activity; activation of the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and visual system; activation of the thalamus and visual cortex during visual cognitive tasks; and increased dopamine (DA) concentration in the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens. Responses to chronic nicotine/cigarette exposure include decreased monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activity in the basal ganglia and a reduction in α 4 β 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) availability in the thalamus and putamen. Taken together, these findings indicate that smoking enhances neurotransmission through cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits either by direct stimulation of nAChRs, indirect stimulation via DA release or MAO inhibition, or a combination of these factors. Activation of this circuitry may be responsible for the effects of smoking seen in tobacco dependent subjects, such as improvements in attentional performance, mood, anxiety, and irritability.

show abstract

Nicotine enhances cerebral glucose utilization in central components of the rat visual system

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Cerebral effects of nicotine during cognition in smokers and non-smokers

Cerebral effects of nicotine during cognition in smokers and non-smokers

Neurotransmitters, receptors, and neuropeptides in the accessory optic system: An immunohistochemical survey in the pigeon (Columba livia)

Functional brain imaging of tobacco use and dependence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About