“…Although these methods are generally quite sensitive and accurate, they are often costly, technically complex, time-consuming, and do not allow high throughput analysis. Recently, electrochemical methods, especially electrochemical RIF (rifampicin) sensors [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], have gained attention due to their outstanding merits, which includes the simplicity of the sample preparation, low cost of instrumentation, easy miniaturization, high sensitivity and selectivity. In particular, sensors based on metal oxide nanomaterials are well known for their excellent electrical, optical, thermal and catalytic properties, and large surface-to-volume ratio [18,19].…”