“…The important contribution of Fahn and Werker (in Kozlowski, 1972) pays attention to anatomical details. So do those by Straka (1962) and v. Guttenberg (1971). Though presented under "dispersal", the structures described are mostly just presentation devices.…”
“…The important contribution of Fahn and Werker (in Kozlowski, 1972) pays attention to anatomical details. So do those by Straka (1962) and v. Guttenberg (1971). Though presented under "dispersal", the structures described are mostly just presentation devices.…”
“…The former mechanism, located in the cell wall, was accepted by Du Sablon (1885), Brodtmann (1898), Schwendener (1899), Colling (1905), Steinbrinck (1909) and Schips (1913). However, others suggested the existence of cohesive forces, located in the cell lumen, as a more plausible explanation (Schneider, 1908;Hannig, 1910;Steinbrinck, 1915;Haberland, 1924;Von Guttenberg, 1926;Straka, 1962). Brodtmann (1898) and Schneider (1908) isolated the wall thickenings from the endothecium cells.…”
SUMMARYThe process of anther opening was followed in different species by means of light and electron microscopical techniques, stereo microscopical observation inside living tissues and micromanipulation. From these data and a review of the mainly very old literature on this subject, the opening process is outlined. It consists of the following stages: (1) Expansion of the epidermis and endothecium cells and deposition of U-shaped wall thickenings inside the latter. (2) (4) and (5) clearly reflect the mechanical functions of the two latter tissues. The roles of the other anther tissues and the fllament during the earlier stages are discussed.
“…and Mazus sp.) exploit raindrop impacts to disperse their seeds from the bottom of specially adapted cup-shaped flower structures [ 77 ], whereas other plants exploit raindrops, wind or passing-by animals to actuate small elastically deformable catapults for diaspore dispersal [ 78 ]. Figure 3 The extrinsically actuated motile springboard-pitfall trap of N. gracilis does not require trigger structures, motors and latches to function.…”
Section: The Trapping Process and Its Energetics For Three Motile Trapsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…and Mazus sp.) exploit raindrop impacts to disperse their seeds from the bottom of specially adapted cup-shaped flower structures [77], whereas other plants exploit raindrops, wind or passing-by animals to actuate small elastically deformable catapults for diaspore dispersal [78].…”
Section: (C) Example 3: Extrinsically Powered Triggering and Motion In Springboard-pitfall Trapsmentioning
Similar to animals, plants have evolved mechanisms for elastic energy storage and release to power and control rapid motion, yet both groups have been largely studied in isolation. This is exacerbated by the lack of consistent terminology and conceptual frameworks describing elastically powered motion in both groups. Iconic examples of fast movements can be found in carnivorous plants, which have become important models to study biomechanics, developmental processes, evolution and ecology. Trapping structures and processes vary considerably between different carnivorous plant groups. Using snap traps, suction traps and springboard-pitfall traps as examples, we illustrate how traps mix and match various mechanisms to power, trigger and actuate motions that contribute to prey capture, retention and digestion. We highlight a fundamental trade-off between energetic investment and movement control and discuss it in a functional-ecological context.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
