Niche Differentiation by Crucifer-Feeding Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Hicks, Karen; Tahvanainen, Jorma

doi:10.2307/2424331

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition to allelopathic effects on plants or mycorrhizal fungi, some of the same compounds may contribute to the low levels of insect herbivory observed on A. petiolata in North America (Lewis et al 2006;Evans and Landis 2007). For example, A. petiolata is almost completely undamaged by the native mustard specialist flea beetle of understory habitats, Phyllotreta bipustulata (Hicks and Tahvanainen 1974), while all of the native species examined here are subject to damage by this insect in habitats containing A. petiolata growing nearby at the same time (D. Cipollini, personal observation). This effect is almost certainly chemically mediated through a balance of feeding stimulants and deterrents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How novel are the chemical weapons of garlic mustard in North American forest understories?

2010

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The Novel Weapons Hypothesis predicts that invasive plants excel in their new ranges because they produce novel metabolites to which native species possess little resistance. We examined the novelty of the phytochemistry of the Eurasian invader, Alliaria petiolata, in North America by comparing its phytochemical profile with those of closely related Brassicaceae native to North America. We examined the profile and/or concentrations of glucosinolates, alliarinoside, flavonoids, cyanide, and trypsin inhibitors in cauline leaves of field-collected A. petiolata, Arabis laevigata, Cardamine concatenata, C. bulbosa, and C. douglassii. Cyanide and the glucosinolates and flavonoids produced by A. petiolata were detected only in A. petiolata. Trypsin inhibitor activity was highest in A. laevigata, intermediate in the Cardamine species, and lowest in A. petiolata. The phytochemical profile of A. petiolata was distinct from those of four closely related and/or abundant Brassicaceaeous species native to North America, providing support for the Novel Weapons Hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How novel are the chemical weapons of garlic mustard in North American forest understories?

2010

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“…Klamath weed now occurs more frequently under trees than in sunny areas (27). The crucifer Dentaria diphylla is apparently protected from at least three flea beetles by growing in shady woodland habitats (28). Herbivore pressure may also confine the hemiparasitic plant Pedicularis densiflora largely to growth in the shade of oak trees (29).…”

Section: Insectary Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conditions that favor switching behavior in general predators may include (i) prey that are patchy in distribution in both space and time with respect to the search range of the predator, (ii) mobile searching behavior in the predator, and (iii) use of sensory detection systems that work at a dis- 28 tance. Although clear cases of switching remain to be observed, many herbivoreplant systems satisfy these general conditions.…”

Section: Insectary Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Defense Guilds

Atsatt

O'Dowd

1976

Science

552

389

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Optimal plant defense should incorporate any mechanisms that influence the feeding behavior of potential pests. From a diverse collection of examples suggesting that the defense of a plant may be improved in the company of specific neighbors, we discuss a framework of operational mechanisms that begin to clarify some aspects of the recognized influence of species diversity on herbivory. Neighbors serve as insectary plants for herbivore predators and parasites, and influence herbivore feeding behavior by repelling, masking, attracting, and decoying. Insectary plants lower the numerical response of herbivores by increasing the efficiency of their predators and parasites. Repellent plants primarily lower functional response by causing the predator to fail to locate or reject its normal prey. Attractant-decoy plants dilute herbivore impact by drawing off herbivores, either increasing or decreasing their numerical and functional response (or either). The concept of gene conservation guilds adds diversionary and delaying tactics to the adaptation-counteradaptation view of plant-herbivore coevolution. The useful life of a given gene for resistance may best be extended by mechanisms that disrupt genetic tracking (specialization) by herbivores. Some plants may remain inedible not because their chemistry or morphology represents an evolutionary impasse, but because they live in an environment that provides acceptable options of variable quality. Feeding environments that provide little or no choice promote specialization by forcing physiological adaptation. Conversely, the evolutionary momentum of specializing herbivores may be lowered by enhancing their susceptibility, either by selection against virulent individuals, or by decreasing the exposure frequency of susceptible genotypes. The latter mechanism of conserving susceptible individuals takes advantage of herbivore behavioral sensitivity to variable plant quality. Direct selection against virulent genotypes requires temporal cycling of the herbivore population between resistant and nonresistant hosts. Both events may occur within defense guilds that provide acceptable feeding options of similar but distinctive quality.

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“…This introduced annual grows abundantly near Ithaca, N.Y. (Feeny and Rosenberry 1982) from May to September (Hicks and Tahvanainen 1974). Herbivores were chosen to represent a range of feeding styles and degree of association with the host plant in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential induction of trichomes by three herbivores of black mustard

2002

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Specificity of plant induction responses may be important to the interactions between mustards and insect herbivores. This study compared the effects of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae (L.), cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and the mustard flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) on induction of leaf trichome density, sinigrin concentration, and nitrogen concentration in black mustard, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Plants were damaged for 12 h at the four-leaf stage, with effort made to standardize the damage applied. Induction responses were measured on the fifth, seventh, ninth, and 11th leaves counted from the cotyledons. Seventh leaves of plants damaged by P. rapae had 76% more trichomes per unit area than controls, whereas equivalent leaves of plants damaged by the other two herbivores exhibited no response. Ninth leaves of plants damaged by T. ni had 113% more trichomes per unit area than controls, whereas equivalent leaves of plants damaged by the other two herbivores exhibited no response. Trichome densities of fifth and 11th leaves did not respond to treatments. Leaf sinigrin and nitrogen concentrations were not affected by the damage treatments. Differential plant trichome response to P. rapae and T. ni may have been due to differences in location of feeding during the damage treatment. Other cues, such as salivary components, may also have differed between the two herbivores. This study is one of the first to document differential effects of two herbivores from the same guild on induction of morphological resistance.

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Niche Differentiation by Crucifer-Feeding Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

How novel are the chemical weapons of garlic mustard in North American forest understories?

How novel are the chemical weapons of garlic mustard in North American forest understories?

Plant Defense Guilds

Differential induction of trichomes by three herbivores of black mustard

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