Ni and Zn modified acid activated montmorillonite clay for effective removal of carbol fuchsin dye from aqueous solution

Abstract

The present work aims to investigate efficiency of zinc and nickel modified acid activated montmorillonite clay to remove carbol fuchsin dye from aqueous solution. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, SEM-EDAX, XRD, FT-IR and UV-Vis techniques. The adsorption of dye increased with increase in pH obeying pseudo-second-order rate kinetics and rapidly degraded (94%) alkaline dye solution in 90 min confirmed by LC-MS analysis. Zinc modified clay had slight edge due to high adsorption capacity and 3.24 eV band gap energy. Scavenger study confirmed participation of O 2 −• in degradation mechanism and reusability experiments confirmed stability of nanocomposites for multiple cycle.

Photodegradation of Carbol Fuchsin Dye Using an Fe2−xCuxZr2−xWxO7 Photocatalyst under Visible-Light Irradiation

“…As seen in Figure 13, the maximum absorbance peak at λ max = (563) decreased over time, due to the degradation of aromatic amines via oxidation, which is expected to degrade the amines into simpler compounds as intermediates before complete degradation to CO 2 and H 2 O [16]. Similar results were found in [32], which showed color fading of CF over time using La-Bi 2 O 3.…”

“…Finally, the detected intermediates mineralized to form inorganic compounds (carbon dioxide, water, and nitrates). The nitrate concentration at end of the degradation experiment was 1.5 mg/L, indicating that nitrates are a byproduct of complete degradation [3,16].…”

“…Accordingly, h + and O − 2 . made the greatest contributions to the photocatalytic degradation of CF, while HO• made only a minor contribution [16].…”

“…Recently, photocatalytic degradation has gained much attention as a proper method for water treatment because of its ability to degrade complex organic dyes into simple products. Photocatalysts are not directly involved in the oxidation reaction; however, it is known that the main reactions involved in photocatalytic degradations are the electronhole interfacial redox reactions, which are generated when the photocatalyst is subjected to light of sufficient energy [13]; they create high levels of oxidizing species (OH, O 2− ) that cause complex organic molecules to degrade in the presence of light due to the difference in potential between oxidizing species and the organic matter [11,16]. Different types of photocatalysts have been used for dye degradation in wastewater, such as metals and metal oxides [2,17,18], carbon-based nanostructures [19,20], semiconductors [21,22], and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [23][24][25][26].…”

Removal of carbol fuchsin from aqueous solution by using three‐dimensional porous, economic, and eco‐friendly polymer

“…Various organic pollutants such as antibiotics, coloring agents, pesticides, chemical dyes, detergents, and many other urban wastes and industrial effluents have potential toxicity to humans and the natural environment (Petrie et al, 2015;Shinde & Shrivastava, 2020;Zargar et al, 2009). Among these pollutants, organic dyes constitute the largest group of pollutants due to the fact that they have more than 100,000 types, manufactured at the range of 10 5 -10 6 tons per year and 10%-15% generating industrial waste (Pavithra et al, 2019;Shinde & Shrivastava, 2020). Besides that, wastewater dyes undergo chemical and biological changes, consume dissolved oxygen, and destroy aquatic life.…”