Next-Generation Whole-Cell Pneumococcal Vaccine

Morais, Víctor; Texeira, Esther; Suárez, Norma

doi:10.3390/vaccines7040151

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…37 For the future, serotype independent vaccines may help combat invasive pneumococcal infections. 38 Our observation of lower ESBL rates in E. coli isolates from children than from adults is comparable with studies from North America, 12,39 and the lower resistance rate to ciprofloxacin is even more dominant in other reports. 8,12 In Canada, gentamicin resistance in isolates from children was reported lower than in adults, 12 while a European study reported the opposite.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Children—A Population-Based Study From Norway

Thaulow

Lindemann

Klingenberg

et al. 2020

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Objective: To describe epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data of bacteria causing invasive infections in Norwegian children (0-18 years). Methods: Population-based observational study using prospectively collected AST data from the Norwegian Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance from 2013 to 2017. We included all clinically relevant bacterial isolates (blood and cerebrospinal fluid), and compared incidence of invasive infections and AST data in isolates from children and adults. Results: We included 1173 isolates from children and 44,561 isolates from adults. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 220/477 (46.2%, 95% CI: 41.6-50.7) of all isolates in schoolchildren (6-18 years). Compared with Streptococcus pneumonia isolates from adults (N = 2674), we observed higher nonsusceptibility rates to penicillin in isolates from children (N = 151), 11.9% versus 5.8%, P < 0.01; also higher resistance rates to erythromycin (11.3% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.01), clindamycin (9.3% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (17.9% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001). Compared with Escherichia coli isolates in adults (N = 9073), we found lower rates of ESBL in isolates from children (N = 212), 2.4% versus 6.4%, P < 0.05. Conclusion:The study indicates the importance of microbiologic surveillance strategies in children and highlights the need for pediatric AST data. The high rates of nonsusceptibility to commonly used antibiotics among S. pneumoniae in children and the high burden of invasive S. aureus infections in schoolchildren calls for modifications of Norwegian guidelines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Children—A Population-Based Study From Norway

Thaulow

Lindemann

Klingenberg

et al. 2020

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…It is established that virulence factors, as important components of bacteria, can be alternative vaccine antigens. Recent report proved that conserved proteins that have been proposed for candidate vaccines should possess favorable immunogenicity and immunoreactivity of antigen, such as pspA, inhibiting the activation of the C3 complement protein and elevating the colonization ability of S. Pneumoniae [27] .…”

Section: Virulence Genes Distribution and Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus Pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia under 5 years in Chengdu, China

Liu

Chen

2022

Preprint

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Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. Pneumoniae) is one of the most common community-associated pathogens responsible for pneumonia in children. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of S. Pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) under 5 years in Chengdu, China. Methods: Molecular characteristics of S. Pneumoniae included serotype and virulence factor performed by using PCR method and sequence types (STs) determined by sequencing seven housekeeping genes. In addition, the potential relationships between molecular characteristics were depicted by minimum spanning tree and correspondence analysis.Results: The prevailing serotypes were 19F (18.52%), 6B (17.59%), 19A (13.89%), 6A (6.48%) and 23F (5.56%) among 108 isolates. The overall coverage rates of 7-valent, 10-valent, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were 47.32%, 48.1%, 75%, respectively. Meanwhile, the coverage rates of PCV13 among the isolates from CAP patients aged <1 year were high up to 84.2%. MLST analysis results showed that there were 56 different STs identified, of which the dominant STs were ST271 (22.22%) and ST320 (12.04%). Additionally, most of the isolates carried ply, psaA, nanA, pavA, piaA, and CC271 isolates expressed more of nanA than non-CC271 isolates. Moreover, there were strong relevant relationships among STs, serotypes, virulence factors.Conclusion: Considering serotypes and virulence factors together can be used as the foundation for the formulation of vaccine strategy.

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“…Pneumolysin (Ply) is a cytotoxic cholesterol-binding protein, which is released during autolysis of bacteria that can form pores in eukaryotic membranes [65,66]. Besides its lytic activity, Ply is able to activate complement and the innate immune system through the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and NOD-, LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome [80][81][82]. Activation of complement by Ply is known to cause complement depletion and reduces complement binding to pneumococcus.…”

Section: Protein-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Next Generation Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines Conferring Broad Protection

et al. 2020

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen causing pneumonia with over 2 million deaths annually, especially in young children and the elderly. To date, at least 98 different pneumococcal capsular serotypes have been identified. Currently, the vaccines for prevention of S. pneumoniae infections are the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine (PPV23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13). These vaccines only cover some pneumococcal serotypes and are unable to protect against non-vaccine serotypes and unencapsulated S. pneumoniae. This has led to a rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant non-vaccine serotypes. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new, effective, and affordable pneumococcal vaccines, which could cover a wide range of serotypes. This review discusses the new approaches to develop effective vaccines with broad serotype coverage as well as recent development of promising pneumococcal vaccines in clinical trials. New vaccine candidates are the inactivated whole-cell vaccine strain (Δpep27ΔcomD mutant) constructed by mutations of specific genes and several protein-based S. pneumoniae vaccines using conserved pneumococcal antigens, such as lipoprotein and surface-exposed protein (PspA). Among the vaccines in Phase 3 clinical trials are the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV-15 (V114) and 20vPnC. The inactivated whole-cell and several protein-based vaccines are either in Phase 1 or 2 trials. Furthermore, the recent progress of nanoparticles that play important roles as delivery systems and adjuvants to improve the performance, as well as the immunogenicity of the nanovaccines, are reviewed.

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Next-Generation Whole-Cell Pneumococcal Vaccine

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Children—A Population-Based Study From Norway

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Children—A Population-Based Study From Norway

Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus Pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia under 5 years in Chengdu, China

Development of Next Generation Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines Conferring Broad Protection

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