“…In this regard, the DNA based technologies have proven to be very effective as food fraud detection tools [ 13 , 14 ] and the methodology of DNA barcoding based on the cytochrome oxidase I sequences is the most used one [ 12 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 79 ]. In the last decade new techniques such as Real Time-PCR, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing (FINS), Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR), High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) metabarcoding, have been proposed by researchers with the aim of optimizing time, costs and effectiveness of species authentication in multi-species fish products [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Although these techniques have been also combined with COI barcoding by providing promising approaches for high throughput species discrimination in processed seafood [ 84 , 85 , 86 ], traditional mitochondrial DNA-based methods and the PCR-RFLP in particular is still employed due to the advantages offered such as relatively cheapness, lack of technical over-complication, suitability for routine analyses [ 85 ].…”