Next Generation Probiotics for Neutralizing Obesogenic Effects: Taxa Culturing Searching Strategies

Abstract

The combination of diet, lifestyle, and the exposure to food obesogens categorized into “microbiota disrupting chemicals” (MDC) could determine obesogenic-related dysbiosis and modify the microbiota diversity that impacts on individual health–disease balances, inducing altered pathogenesis phenotypes. Specific, complementary, and combined treatments are needed to face these altered microbial patterns and the specific misbalances triggered. In this sense, searching for next-generation beneficial microbes or next-generation probiotics (NGP) by microbiota culturing, and focusing on their demonstrated, extensive scope and well-defined functions could contribute to counteracting and repairing the effects of obesogens. Therefore, this review presents a perspective through compiling information and key strategies for directed searching and culturing of NGP that could be administered for obesity and endocrine-related dysbiosis by (i) observing the differential abundance of specific microbiota taxa in obesity-related patients and analyzing their functional roles, (ii) developing microbiota-directed strategies for culturing these taxa groups, and (iii) applying the successful compiled criteria from recent NGP clinical studies. New isolated or cultivable microorganisms from healthy gut microbiota specifically related to obesogens’ neutralization effects might be used as an NGP single strain or in consortia, both presenting functions and the ability to palliate metabolic-related disorders. Identification of holistic approaches for searching and using potential NGP, key aspects, the bias, gaps, and proposals of solutions are also considered in this review.

Culturing and Molecular Approaches for Identifying Microbiota Taxa Impacting Children’s Obesogenic Phenotypes Related to Xenobiotic Dietary Exposure

“…Similarly, useful information on favoured cultured isolates from gut microbiota acting as beneficial microorganisms or potential NGP was previously retrieved. Main media and pertinent modifications for isolating potential obesity and anti-obesity probiotics were: BHI, GAM, gut microbiota medium (GMM), Lactobacillus selection (LB), MRS, YCFA, and BPA-added media [29]. Therefore, culturomic efforts contributed to enlarge the repertoire of isolated bacterial species from humans by 28% and provided biological material to the scientific community that can be further studied for its role and interaction with other bacterial species and host [33].…”

“…Moreover, culturomics remains as a main strategy for the isolation of new gut microorganisms with metabolising capacities. Moreover, the searching of next generation probiotics (NGP) increases due to the advancing knowledge of the human intestinal microbiota and the potential of intervening and modulating the specific dysbiosis and certain metabolic diseases [29,30].…”

“…Moreover, animal studies detected BPA levels in faeces over 50-70 ng g −1 [31]. Directed culturing of microorganisms from the gut microbiota of obese and non-obese individuals exposed to EDC may lead to the identification of strains with xenobiotics detoxifying potential, which could be assessed for being used as NGP [29,32].…”

Impact of Cumulative Environmental and Dietary Xenobiotics on Human Microbiota: Risk Assessment for One Health

“…Personalized nutrition treatments based on next generation probiotics able to detoxify xenobiotics is envisaged as closing the circle of promoting the One Health approach [ 48 ]. Moreover, beneficial microbes isolated from the human gut microbiota could be further proposed for being used as plant probiotics, animal probiotics, and, even for bioremediation, having a potential positive modulation capacity in the context of One Health.…”

Antimicrobial Effects of Potential Probiotics of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Human Microbiota: In Vitro and In Silico Methods

“…Identifying the composition of cultivable gut microbiota has always been a challenge due mainly to the requested anaerobic conditions [ 3 ]. Efforts in simulating these harsh culture conditions allow isolating potential NGP [ 4 ] and even a variety of taxonomy bacterial groups which were also tolerant to xenobiotics or obesogens [ 5 ] followed by characterization through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.…”