Antimicrobial Effects of Potential Probiotics of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Human Microbiota: In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Abstract

The variable taxa components of human gut microbiota seem to have an enormous biotechnological potential that is not yet well explored. To investigate the usefulness and applications of its biocompounds and/or bioactive substances would have a dual impact, allowing us to better understand the ecology of these microbiota consortia and to obtain resources for extended uses. Our research team has obtained a catalogue of isolated and typified strains from microbiota showing resistance to dietary contaminants and obesogens. Special attention was paid to cultivable Bacillus species as potential next-generation probiotics (NGP) together with their antimicrobial production and ecological impacts. The objective of the present work focused on bioinformatic genome data mining and phenotypic analyses for antimicrobial production. In silico methods were applied over the phylogenetically closest type strain genomes of the microbiota Bacillus spp. isolates and standardized antimicrobial production procedures were used. The main results showed partial and complete gene identification and presence of polyketide (PK) clusters on the whole genome sequences (WGS) analysed. Moreover, specific antimicrobial effects against B. cereus, B. circulans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Salmonella spp. confirmed their capacity of antimicrobial production. In conclusion, Bacillus strains isolated from human gut microbiota and taxonomic group, resistant to Bisphenols as xenobiotics type endocrine disruptors, showed parallel PKS biosynthesis and a phenotypic antimicrobial effect. This could modulate the composition of human gut microbiota and therefore its functionalities, becoming a predominant group when high contaminant exposure conditions are present.

Incorporating the Gut Microbiome in the Risk Assessment of Xenobiotics and Identifying Beneficial Components for One Health

“…For example, López-Moreno et al (2022) , associated BPA exposure and the obese phenotype in children to higher BPA biodegradation potential in their GM. Moreover, they reported that BPA-resistant strains isolated from human gut microbiota exhibited xenobiotic biodegradation and antimicrobial effects linked to polyketide biosynthesis ( Torres-Sánchez et al, 2021 ). Therefore, in the presence of BPA, these strains may further modulate the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, potentially reducing GM diversity and inducing dysbiosis and adverse metabolic effects ( Aguilera et al, 2020 ).…”

Microbiota analysis for risk assessment of xenobiotics: toxicomicrobiomics, incorporating the gut microbiome in the risk assessment of xenobiotics and identifying beneficial components for One Health

“…( 2022 ), associated BPA exposure and the obese phenotype in children to higher BPA biodegradation potential in their GM. Moreover, they reported that BPA‐resistant strains isolated from human gut microbiota exhibited xenobiotic biodegradation and antimicrobial effects linked to polyketide biosynthesis (Torres‐Sánchez et al., 2021 ). Therefore, in the presence of BPA, these strains may further modulate the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, potentially reducing GM diversity and inducing dysbiosis and adverse metabolic effects (Aguilera et al., 2020 ).…”

Integration of Omics Approaches Enhances the Impact of Scientific Research in Environmental Applications

“…On the other hand, when the cumulative exposure to xenobiotics disrupts the state of homeostasis of the microbiome, dysbiosis might occur, which is associated with disorders and diseases [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Widely investigated are also the associations between the human microbiome and xenobiotics affecting the host [ 30 , 31 ].…”