Newtonian noise limit in atom interferometers for gravitational wave detection

Vetrano, F.; Viceré, A.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2590-8

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The sources for the NN are mainly from the ambient seismic fields and the atmospheric pressure fluctuations, which are called seismic Newtonian noise (SNN) and infrasound Newtonian noise (INN), respectively. Following the pioneering work [38], people have done a lot of work on the NN in GW detectors [39][40][41]43]. Using the existing methods [38,41,42], we can estimate the NN of ZAIGA-GW.…”

Section: Newtonian Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

ZAIGA: Zhaoshan long-baseline atom interferometer gravitation antenna

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2019

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

143

116

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The Zhaoshan long-baseline Atom Interferometer Gravitation Antenna (ZAIGA) is a new type of underground laser-linked interferometer facility, and is currently under construction. It is in the 200-meter-on-average underground of a mountain named Zhaoshan which is about 80 km southeast to Wuhan. ZAIGA will be equipped with long-baseline atom interferometers, high-precision atom clocks, and large-scale gyros. ZAIGA facility will take an equilateral triangle configuration with two 1-km-apart atom interferometers in each arm, a 300-meter vertical tunnel with atom fountain and atom clocks mounted, and a tracking-and-ranging 1-km-arm-length prototype with lattice optical clocks linked by locked lasers. The ZAIGA facility will be used for experimental research on gravitation and related problems including gravitational wave detection, high-precision test of the equivalence principle of micro-particles, clock based gravitational red-shift measurement, rotation measurement and gravito-magnetic effect. arXiv:1903.09288v4 [physics.atom-ph]

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Section: Newtonian Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

ZAIGA: Zhaoshan long-baseline atom interferometer gravitation antenna

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2019

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

143

116

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“…Estimates of seismic Newtonian noise at low frequencies were presented with focus on atom-interferometric GW detectors in Vetrano and Viceré (2013). The interesting aspect here is that atom interferometers in general have a more complicated response to gravity perturbations.…”

Section: Low-frequency Newtonian-noise Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Reynolds stress represents a quadrupole source, which means that sound production is less efficient in turbulent flow than for example at vibrating boundaries where the source has dipole form. The remaining task is to characterize the velocity fluctuations in terms of spatial correlation functions, translate these into a two-point correlation function of the pressure field using Equation (163), and finally obtain the spectrum of gravity fluctuations from these correlations. The last step is analogous to the calculation carried out in Section 5.2, specifically Equation ( 147), for the perturbed temperature field.…”

Section: Gravity Perturbations In Turbulent Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial gravity fluctuations

Harms

2019

Living Rev Relativ

133

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Terrestrial gravity fluctuations are a target of scientific studies in a variety of fields within geophysics and fundamental-physics experiments involving gravity such as the observation of gravitational waves. In geophysics, these fluctuations are typically considered as signal that carries information about processes such as fault ruptures and atmospheric density perturbations. In fundamental-physics experiments, it appears as environmental noise, which needs to be avoided or mitigated. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of modeling high-frequency terrestrial gravity fluctuations and of gravity-noise mitigation strategies. It hereby focuses on frequencies above about 50 mHz, which allows us to simplify models of atmospheric gravity perturbations (beyond Brunt-Väisälä regime) and it guarantees as well that gravitational forces on elastic media can be treated as perturbation. Extensive studies have been carried out over the past two decades to model contributions from seismic and atmospheric fields especially by the gravitational-wave community. While terrestrial gravity fluctuations above 50 mHz have not been observed conclusively yet, sensitivity of instruments for geophysical observations and of gravitational-wave detectors is improving, and we can expect first observations in the coming years. The next challenges include the design of gravity-noise mitigation systems to be implemented in current gravitational-wave detectors, and further improvement of models for future gravitational-wave detectors where terrestrial gravity noise will play a more important role. Also, many aspects of the recent proposition to use a new generation of gravity sensors to improve real-time earthquake early-warning systems still require detailed analyses.

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“…Estimates of seismic Newtonian noise at low frequencies were presented with focus on atom-interferometric GW detectors in [166]. The interesting aspect here is that atom interferometers in general have a more complicated response to gravity perturbations.…”

Section: Gravity Perturbations From Seismic Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Gravity Fluctuations

Harms

2015

Living Rev Relativ

139

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Different forms of fluctuations of the terrestrial gravity field are observed by gravity experiments. For example, atmospheric pressure fluctuations generate a gravity-noise foreground in measurements with super-conducting gravimeters. Gravity changes caused by high-magnitude earthquakes have been detected with the satellite gravity experiment GRACE, and we expect high-frequency terrestrial gravity fluctuations produced by ambient seismic fields to limit the sensitivity of ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. Accordingly, terrestrial gravity fluctuations are considered noise and signal depending on the experiment. Here, we will focus on ground-based gravimetry. This field is rapidly progressing through the development of GW detectors. The technology is pushed to its current limits in the advanced generation of the LIGO and Virgo detectors, targeting gravity strain sensitivities better than 10−23 Hz−1/2 above a few tens of a Hz. Alternative designs for GW detectors evolving from traditional gravity gradiometers such as torsion bars, atom interferometers, and superconducting gradiometers are currently being developed to extend the detection band to frequencies below 1 Hz. The goal of this article is to provide the analytical framework to describe terrestrial gravity perturbations in these experiments. Models of terrestrial gravity perturbations related to seismic fields, atmospheric disturbances, and vibrating, rotating or moving objects, are derived and analyzed. The models are then used to evaluate passive and active gravity noise mitigation strategies in GW detectors, or alternatively, to describe their potential use in geophysics. The article reviews the current state of the field, and also presents new analyses especially with respect to the impact of seismic scattering on gravity perturbations, active gravity noise cancellation, and time-domain models of gravity perturbations from atmospheric and seismic point sources. Our understanding of terrestrial gravity fluctuations will have great impact on the future development of GW detectors and high-precision gravimetry in general, and many open questions need to be answered still as emphasized in this article.

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Newtonian noise limit in atom interferometers for gravitational wave detection

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

ZAIGA: Zhaoshan long-baseline atom interferometer gravitation antenna

ZAIGA: Zhaoshan long-baseline atom interferometer gravitation antenna

Terrestrial gravity fluctuations

Terrestrial Gravity Fluctuations

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