Newly Developed Photomultiplier Tubes with Position Sensitivity Capability

Time-gated fluorescence imaging: Advances in technology and biological applications

“…Single-pixel-based detectors such as single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used in°uorescence detection, and they o®er high sensitivity with a large dynamic range, yet the imaging speed is usually limited by point-by-point scanning. Note that SPAD array and multianodes PMT 53,54 detectors are categorized as array detectors (described below). On the other hand, array detectors mainly including charged coupled device (CCD), intensi¯ed CCD (ICCD), electron multiplication CCD (EMCCD), and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors are able to render°uorescence images by one-shot acquisition, which is favorable for fast and real-time imaging.…”

Advances in position-sensitive photodetectors for PET applications

“…diameter) developed in 1985 [9] represented a strong technological advance for gamma-ray imaging. The first generation was based on proximity mesh dynode by means of which the charge was multiplied around the original position of the light photon striking the photocathode.…”

Potential Improvements in Instrumentation for PET

“…The ideal photodetector for this application would be thin, have high quantum efficiency, be able to amplify photoelectrons internally with sufficient signal-to-noise that individual photons can be detected, and be able to determine position of the center of intensity of the arriving photons. Position sensitive silicon avalanche photodiodes or multianode phototubes may evolve to serve this function {20, 25,26). The other sides of the crystal would be painted black so that any photon that does not reach a photodetector surface is absorbed.…”